David John Birnie
(16 February 1951 – 7 October 2005) and Catherine
Margaret Birnie (nee Harrison)
(born 23 May 1951) were an Australian
couple from Perth, Western Australia.
They murdered four women ranging in age from 15 to 31 at their home in 1986,
and attempted to murder a fifth. These crimes were referred to in the press as
the Moorhouse murders, after the
Birnies' address at 3 Moorhouse Street
in Willagee, a suburb of Perth.
David John Birnie
David John Birnie
was the oldest of five children. He grew up in the semi-rural suburb of Wattle Grove, Western Australia. School
friends and parishioners from the Wattle
Grove Baptist Church of the period remembers the family as having been
dysfunctional. Rumors abounded about the family's promiscuity, alcoholism and
that they engaged in incest.
When Birnie's parents asked the local priest to conduct
their wedding ceremony, he expressed concerns about them as individuals and as
a potential couple, broadly stating that he felt theirs was a union that could
never lead to any good; an unusual and seemingly unsuited pairing, the father
was a man of very small stature and unattractive appearance, while the mother
was known for her coarse manner, use of profanities and bad behavior, often
exchanging sexual favors with taxi drivers as payment for fares.
David Birnie's
school friends also commented that the family home was unkempt and filthy and
that the family never had regular meals together. His parents did not cook
meals for the children.
In the early 1960s, Birnie's parents decided to move the
family to another Perth suburb,
where David met Catherine Harrison
through mutual friends. At 15, David left school to become an apprentice jockey
for Eric Parnham at a nearby Ascot racecourse. During his time
there, he physically harmed the horses and developed a habit of exhibitionism.
One night, David broke into the room of an elderly lady where he was boarding.
He was naked with stockings over his head and attempted to commit his first
rape.
By the time he was an adolescent; he was convicted of
several crimes and was in and out of prison for misdemeanors and felonies. As
an adult, he became a sex and pornography addict, and paraphiliac. He married
his first wife during his early 20s and the couple had a daughter, Tanya. Tanya was 10 years old at the
time of his arrest. She has never married and had no children, stating "I don't wanna spawn another David
Birnie". Her last name is unknown to the media.
In late 1986, David
Birnie was employed at a local car wrecker's shop. For more than a year,
David and Catherine had been practicing how to make their sexual fantasies of
rape and murder come true, while he was weeks away from committing his first
crime.
Catherine Margaret
Birnie
Catherine Margaret
Birnie (née Harrison) was born
on 23 May 1951. She was two years old when her mother, Doreen, died giving birth to her brother, who died two days later.
Unable to raise her, her father, Harold,
sent Catherine away to live with her maternal grandparents. When she was ten, a
custody dispute resulted in Harold regaining sole custody of Catherine.
At the age of 12, she met David Birnie, and by the age of 14
she was in a relationship with him. Harold begged Catherine on several
occasions to leave David, due to the fact that she was often getting in trouble
with the local police. But his disapproval of their relationship only
strengthened their union.
Her time in prison throughout her adolescent years offered
Catherine a chance to break away from David. Encouraged by a parole officer,
Catherine began working for the McLaughlin
family as a housekeeper. She married Donald
McLaughlin on her 21st birthday.
She and McLaughlin had seven children; their firstborn, a
son was struck and killed by a car in infancy.
In 1985 she left her husband and six children and went to
live with David. The couple was never
legally married, but Catherine changed her surname by deed poll to Birnie.
Crimes
Over a period of five weeks, the Birnies abducted five
women, aged between 15 and 31. All of the victims, except for one, were raped
and murdered. The sole exception was their final victim, who escaped the day
after her abduction and led police to the Birnie house, thus ending their crime
spree.
Victims
Mary Neilson
22-year-old Mary
Neilson was studying psychology at the University
of Western Australia and working part-time in a delicatessen when she met David Birnie at the spare parts yard he
worked at. David offered to sell her cheap tires for her car and subsequently gave
her his phone number. On 6 October 1986,
she went to the Birnies' house. She was
gagged, chained to the bed and raped by David while Catherine observed. She was
taken to Gleneagles National Park
near Albany Highway in Bedfordale where she was raped again
and strangled with a nylon cord. He then stabbed her thinking that it would
speed up the decomposition as he "read
that in a book somewhere", and they buried her in a shallow grave. She
would have received her degree for psychology from the university one year
after her murder.
Susannah Candy
Two weeks after the murder of Mary Neilson, they abducted 15-year-old Susannah Candy as she hitchhiked along Stirling Highway in Claremont,
Australia. She was an outstanding student at Hollywood Senior High School and lived at home with her parents
and siblings in Nedlands, Australia.
Her father is one of the top ophthalmic surgeons in Western Australia. After she went
missing, the Birnies forced her to send letters to her family to assure them
that she was all right. But the family feared for her life.
The Birnies had been cruising for hours looking for a victim
when they spotted Candy. Once she entered the car she was held at knifepoint
while her hands were tied together. She was taken back to the Willagee house where she was gagged,
chained to the bed and raped.
After Birnie had finished raping the girl, Catherine Birnie got into the bed with
them. She now knew that this turned David on. When they had both assaulted her,
Birnie tried to strangle the girl with the nylon cord, but she became
hysterical. The Birnies forced sleeping pills down her throat to calm her down.
Once Candy was asleep, David put the cord around her neck and told Catherine to
prove her undying love for him by murdering the girl.
Catherine complied with the demand and killed Candy while
David watched. When asked later why she did it, Catherine said: "Because I wanted to see how strong I
was within my inner self. I didn't feel a thing. It was like I expected. I was
prepared to follow him to the end of the earth and do anything to see that his
desires were satisfied. She was a female. Females hurt and destroy males."
They buried Candy near the grave of Mary Neilson in the State
Forest.
Noelene Patterson
On 1 November, they saw 31-year-old Noelene Patterson standing beside her car on the Canning Highway; she had run out of
fuel while on her way home from her job as bar manager at the Nedlands Golf Club. Once inside the
car, she had a knife held to her throat, was tied up and told not to move. She
was taken back to Moorhouse Street
where David repeatedly raped her after she was gagged and chained to the bed.
The Birnies originally decided to murder her that same night, but David kept
her prisoner in the house for three days and there were signs that he had
developed an emotional attachment to Patterson. Catherine quickly became
jealous and made an ultimatum: David would have to kill Patterson or Catherine
would kill herself. He immediately forced an overdose of sleeping pills down
Patterson's throat and strangled her while she slept. They took her body to the
forest but buried it away from the others. Catherine reportedly got great
pleasure from throwing sand on Patterson's face.
Denise Brown
On 5 November, the Birnies abducted 21-year-old Denise Brown as she was waiting for a
bus on Stirling Highway. She
accepted a ride from them, and at knifepoint, was taken to the house in Willagee, chained to the bed and raped.
The following afternoon she was taken to the Wanneroo pine plantation. In the seclusion of the forest, David
Birnie raped Brown in the car while the couple waited for darkness. After they
dragged Brown from the car, David Birnie
raped her again and stabbed Brown in the neck. Convinced that the girl was
dead, they dug a shallow grave and laid her body in it, but Brown sat up in the
grave. David Birnie then grabbed an ax, struck her twice in the head, and buried her body in the grave.
Kate Moir
Seventeen-year-old Kate Moir was abducted at knifepoint
after accepting a ride from the Birnies.
Moir later stated that she asked them if they intended to kill or rape
her, and was informed: "we'll only
rape you if you're good". She
was forced to dance for them, and slept in the couple's bed while handcuffed to
David. Moir was their final abductee and
the only victim to survive. After abducting her, David held a knife to her
throat and forced her to ring her mother. Moir assured her mother that she had
too much to drink and was staying at a friend's house, hoping her mother would
catch on the ruse and call the friend, knowing she was not a drinker.
She escaped the day after her capture. After David went to
work, Catherine went to the door to carry out a drug deal and forgot to chain
Moir to the bed. She escaped by climbing through a closed window by breaking
its lock; however, she hit her head on the concrete. After knocking on various neighbors' doors,
she jumped a gate and was attacked by a dog. She managed to flee and ran into
a vacuum cleaner shop on 10 November 1986. She later described herself as "hysterical. I'm barefoot wearing my
black leggings, a black singlet, knickers...". She informed the shop
owner that she had been raped. When the
police arrived, she said she had been abducted at knifepoint by a couple who
had taken her back to their house and raped her. The police were initially skeptical
of her story, but 22-year-old Constable
Laura Hancock believed her from the outset, due to the amount of detail she
provided, including their address and telephone number. The Birnies had given themselves aliases, but
Moir had read David's name on a medicine bottle. Moir stated they had watched the film Rocky on VHS, and described a drawing
she had concealed in the house as proof of her presence. Subsequently, the
police found her drawing in the home, as well as the VHS copy of Rocky in the Birnie's VCR. David and
Catherine were arrested, and during their interviews, they gave conflicting
information; Catherine denied ever meeting Moir, while David insisted Moir had
come to their house voluntarily to engage in consensual sex. Detective Sergeant Vince Katich
convinced David to confess, and reveal where they had buried the bodies so that
they could be dug up before dark; David revealed there were four graves.
Other possible
victims
There is speculation that the Birnies were responsible for
the disappearance of Cheryl Renwick
in May 1986, and Barbara Western in
June 1986. It has been suggested that
David was responsible for the disappearance of Lisa Marie Mott in 1980; however, his first wife accounted for his
whereabouts on the day Mott disappeared.
Trial and sentencing
When sent to trial, David
Birnie pled guilty to four counts of murder and one count each of abduction
and rape. When asked why he had pled guilty, he gestured toward the victims'
families and said, "It's the least I
could do." He was sentenced to four terms of life imprisonment. After
being found sane enough to stand trial, Catherine
Birnie was also sentenced to four terms of life imprisonment by the Supreme Court of Western Australia;
under law at the time, both were required to serve 20 years before being
eligible for parole.
Imprisonment
Initially, David was held at the maximum-security Fremantle Prison, but he was soon moved
to solitary confinement to keep him from coming to harm from other prisoners.
The original death row cells were converted for him and he stayed there until
the prison was closed in 1990. The cell can now be viewed on the Great Escape Tour held daily at Fremantle Prison. While incarcerated,
the Birnies exchanged more than 2,600 letters but were not allowed any other form
of contact.
David Birnie was
found dead in his cell at Casuarina
Prison on 7 October 2005 at 4:30am (WST).
He was 54 years old. An inquest found that he had hanged himself from an
air vent using a length of cord. Various
factors led to his suicide; a failure to provide him with his anti-depressants
had exacerbated his depression, his computer had been confiscated and he was
suspected of sexually assaulting another prisoner. He was
described by a former prison officer as a 'model
prisoner' who looked after injured animals. Catherine was not allowed to attend his
funeral.
Catherine Birnie
is imprisoned in Bandyup Women's Prison.
Since being incarcerated she has worked as a prison librarian and appeared in a
prison production of Nunsense. In 2007, her parole application was rejected
and the then Attorney-General of Western
Australia, Jim McGinty, said that her release was unlikely while he remained
in office.
Her case was to be reviewed again in January 2010; however,
on 14 March 2009, new Western Australian
Attorney-General Christian Porter, following requests from the victims'
families, determined she would stay in jail for life. This decision makes her
the third Australian woman (after Katherine Knight and Patricia Byers) to have her papers marked
"never to be released". Her
appeal of this decision was turned down in March 2010 by Porter. However, her case may be up for review again
in 2019. Her fourth bid for parole was
declined in 2016. In 2016, the Birnies'
final victim—who survived—began a campaign to end Western Australian laws that automatically put convicts up for
parole every three years. Moir has
stated Birnie has never even applied for parole. In 2017, her youngest son, Peter, called for
her execution. He has stated that his association with Birnie has resulted in
his being assaulted. He supports Moir's
campaign.
Media
The case was included in Season
1, Episode 6 ("The Moorhouse
Horrors") of Crime Investigation
Australia first aired in 2005.
The case was covered by Casefile
True Crime Podcast on 27 August 2016.
On 9 November 2017, the case was discussed by Georgia Hardstark in an episode of the
podcast My Favorite Murder.
The case was detailed on episode
75 of the True Crime All the Time
podcast on April 22, 2018.
The 2016 Australian
film Hounds of Love is based on
several true murders, but most closely resembles the Moorhouse Murders.
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