Fetal abduction
refers to the rare crime of child abduction by the kidnapping of an at term
pregnant mother and extraction of her fetus through a crude cesarean section. Dr. Michael H. Stone and Dr. Gary Brucato have alternatively
referred to this crime as "fetus-snatching"
or "fetus abduction." Homicide
expert Vernon J. Geberth has used the term "fetal kidnapping." In the small number of reported cases, a few
pregnant victims and about half of their fetuses survived the assault and
non-medically performed cesarean.
Fetal abduction
does not refer to medically induced labor or obstetrical extraction. The
definition of the subject does not include compulsory cesarean sections for
medical reasons nor child removal from parents for court-approved child
protection. However, the "Children
of the Disappeared" (desaparecidos) in the Argentine Dirty War is an example of criminal fetal abduction in
state institutions as detailed by testimonies on cesarean delivery on
desaparecidas and child adoption in a military hospital. Historical atrocities of cesarean extraction
for fetal murder (not for child adoption) fall outside the subject definition.
Abductor profile
Fetal abduction
is usually perpetrated by a woman after organized planning. The abductor may
befriend the pregnant victim. The abductor is so determined to impersonate a
pregnant and puerperal mother that she may use weight gain and prosthesis to
fake a pregnancy and cut herself internally to make it look as if she has given
birth. She may take the neonate to a hospital. The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children’s
spokesperson, Cathy Nahirny, stated
in 2007, “Many times the abductor fakes a
pregnancy and when it is time to deliver the baby, must abduct someone else's
child”. Criminal motives include
delusions of fulfilling a partner relationship, child-bearing and childbirth.
Statistics
The National Center
for Missing and Exploited Children recorded 18 cases of fetal abductions in
the United States between 1983 and
2015, which represented 6% of the recorded 302 cases of infant abduction.
List of reported
cases and attempts
Of the current list of 25 reported cases (not including
attempts), 4 of the mothers and 13 of their fetuses survived. (This list distinguishes an attempted fetal
abduction as without either murder of the mother or extraction of the fetus. An
attempt can include severe injury to the mother and fetus.)
Fetal abduction cases
1974
In Philadelphia
in November 1974, a 36-year-old woman named Winifred Ransom hacked and shot to death 26-year-old Margaret Sweeney. Sweeney was 8 months
pregnant at the time. After first knocking Sweeney unconscious, Ransom cut the
fetus out of Sweeney with a butcher knife. Sweeney regained consciousness
during the operation, at which point Ransom struck her with a hatchet at least
20 times and then shot her 3 times. Ransom buried Sweeney beneath the
floorboards of her kitchen. Ransom's husband eventually alerted authorities
roughly 3 days later. Police found the body on November 16. The baby girl survived
and was cared for by her grandfather. Ransom was acquitted on the grounds of
insanity. She was released from Byberry
State Hospital mental institution after 20 months.
1987
In Albuquerque, New
Mexico, Cindy Ray was eight months pregnant when she was kidnapped at Kirtland Air Force Base outside a
prenatal clinic. Darci Pierce was
nineteen years old when she strangled the pregnant woman to death. She used her
car keys to open Ray's womb, snatching the unharmed fetus, Millie. Millie survived,
and Pierce was sentenced to 30 years to life for her crime.
1995
In Addison, Illinois,
Deborah Evans was murdered in her
apartment. Jacqueline Williams, her
boyfriend Fedell Caffey, and her
cousin Lavern Ward went into Evans'
home and shot her in the head. She had three children and was pregnant with a
fourth. Two of Evans' children were murdered along with their mother. Evans'
murderers then proceeded to cut through her womb with scissors and remove the
fetus. One of the children, a baby boy, survived, as did the fetus. The three
murderers were caught and sentenced to life in prison.
1996
In Tuscaloosa,
Alabama, seventeen-year-old Carethia
Curry was murdered by her friend, 29-year-old Felicia Scott. Curry was abducted by her friend on a night out. She
was found three months later, stuffed in a garbage can at the bottom of a
fifty-foot ravine with several gunshot wounds to the head, her torso sliced
open. The baby girl Curry was carrying survived and Scott was jailed for life.
1998
In Fresno,
California, Margarita Flores was eight months pregnant when she received a
phone call from Josephina Saldana,
who offered her gifts of baby furniture and free one-year supply of diapers.
Flores went to a warehouse to collect them and was murdered. Saldana was caught
at a hospital the day afterward carrying a dead fetus that she claimed to have
just given birth to. Saldana committed suicide three days after her conviction
for kidnapping and murdering Flores and her unborn child and three weeks before
her sentencing to life imprisonment.
2000
In Ravenna, Ohio,
Teresa Andrews was twenty-three years old and pregnant when she ran into Michelle Bica. Bica was
thirty-nine-years-old and was pretending to be pregnant at the time, and the
two exchanged addresses. Then Bica started stalking Andrews. On September 27,
2000, Bica invited the woman to her home, then killed her, extracted the fetus
she was carrying and buried the woman in her garage. The baby survived, and
Bica claimed he was her son. When Bica was being investigated by the FBI, she became fearful of punishment
for her crime and shot herself.
2003
In Okemah, Oklahoma,
Carolyn Simpson was twenty-one years old and six months pregnant when she
was shot and killed. She worked at a casino, where her murderer, Effie Goodson, age thirty-seven, was a
regular customer. Goodson offered to give Simpson a ride home, and Simpson was
later found in a ditch two miles away from her abductor. The baby, removed from
the mother's womb three months premature, did not survive. When Goodson brought
the fetus to the hospital, the child was pronounced dead, and it was discovered
that she was not the mother. Goodson was found unable to stand for a trial, and
three years later was sentenced to life in prison.
2004
In Girardot
(Cundinamarca), Colombia, in April 2004 a case was reported in which both
the mother and child survived. (Aseneth
Piedrahita drugged Sol Angela
Cartagena Bernal and extracted her fetus. Reportedly the perpetrator had
medical knowledge.)
In Skidmore,
Missouri, Bobbie Jo Stinnett died of strangulation at the age of
twenty-three at the hands of thirty-seven-year-old Lisa M. Montgomery. The two had been in contact previously; they
were both rat terrier breeders in a dog show circuit. Montgomery had even
e-mailed the victim, telling her that she wished to purchase one of her dogs.
Montgomery faked a pregnancy, and on December 16, she drove from her Kansas home to Skidmore, Missouri. After strangling Stinnett to death, Montgomery
cut open her abdomen and took her one-month-premature daughter. An hour later,
the victim's mother found her body, and less than twenty-four hours later Victoria Jo Stinnett, the victim's
stolen fetus, was found healthy in Melvern,
Kansas. Lisa Montgomery was
incarcerated, and a jury subsequently sentenced Montgomery, 43, to death.
2006
In East St. Louis,
Illinois, on September 15, 2006, the pregnant Jimella Tunstall was murdered by her childhood friend Tiffany Hall. She was knocked
unconscious and her unborn baby was cut from her abdomen with a pair of
scissors. Neither survived the attack. Tunstall's body was left in a vacant
lot. Hall also drowned Tunstall's three children, ages one, two, and seven, and
left their bodies in the washer and dryer machines in the family's apartment.
Hall was sentenced to life in prison in June 2008.
2008
In Kennewick,
Washington, Araceli Camacho Gomez, age twenty-seven, was stabbed to death
by twenty-three-year-old Phiengchai
Sisouvanh Synhavong. Gomez's hands and feet were bound with yarn throughout
the attack, and her fetus was cut from her womb with a box cutter. The child
survived the vicious attack. Synhavong called the police for help and attempted
to pass the fetus off as her own. It quickly became apparent to authorities
that she was lying and guilty of the crime.
Synhavong was sentenced in 2010 to life in prison without parole.
In Wilkinsburg,
Pennsylvania, pregnant eighteen-year-old Kia Johnson was murdered during a fetal abduction by Andrea Curry-Demus, who had previously
spent eight years in prison for stabbing another expectant mother to obtain her
unborn baby. Curry-Demus had also seized a child from a hospital. Johnson's
body was later found in Curry-Demus's apartment. The baby survived.
2009
In Worcester,
Massachusetts, Julie A. Corey, 35, murdered Darlene Haynes, 23, and extracted her fetus. The baby, Sheila Marie survived. Corey
was convicted by a jury and sentenced to life imprisonment in February 2014.
In Portland, Oregon,
Korena Elaine Roberts, 29, murdered pregnant Heather Megan Snively, 21, before cutting the fetus out of
Snively's uterus. Roberts had been faking a pregnancy to her
boyfriend and family, claiming she was expecting twins. She posted
advertisements for baby items on Craigslist,
and after multiple attempts to meet with other pregnant women fell through, she
was able to lure Snively to her Beaverton-area
home where she lived with her boyfriend and her two children on June 5, 2009.
She then murdered Snively in the bathroom and cut the fetus, a baby boy, out of
Snively's uterus. After covering Snively's body in a carpet and hiding it in a
crawlspace beneath the house, Roberts called her boyfriend, Yan Shubin, claiming she needed help
delivering her baby. He came home to find Roberts in the bathtub with the water
running, crying uncontrollably and holding the baby boy, who was not breathing.
Paramedics took Roberts and the baby to the hospital, where doctors determined
that Roberts had not given birth. Hospital staff called police, who arrested
Roberts and located Snively's body in Roberts' home that night. The baby boy
could not be revived and was pronounced dead at the hospital. An autopsy showed
that Snively suffered between 15 and 30 blows, mostly to the back of her head,
as well as multiple cuts to her right breast and abdomen, and bite marks on her
right arm. The medical examiner was able to determine that while the head
injuries likely knocked Snively unconscious, it was the abdominal incisions and
blood loss that killed her. Roberts pleaded guilty to one count of aggravated
murder and agreed to life in prison without the possibility of parole.
2011
In Bowling Green,
Kentucky, Kathy Coy cut out Jamie
Stice's fetus and left Stice to bleed to death on a rural road. Coy
initially claimed she'd given birth to the baby five weeks premature, but
doctors determined that the baby wasn't hers. Police found that Coy was friends
on Facebook with Stice and another pregnant woman. The other woman was
unharmed, but police grew suspicious when they couldn't find Stice. After
intense questioning, Coy led police to Stice's body. Coy
pleaded guilty but mentally ill to avoid the death penalty. In March 2012, she was sentenced to life
imprisonment.
In Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, Annette Morales-Rodriguez kidnapped Martiza Ramirez-Cruz, beat her to death and cut her fetus out of
the womb. The fetus was just days away from being due. According to a criminal
complaint, Morales-Rodriguez called police hours later to report that she'd
just given birth in her shower and the baby wasn't breathing. The fetus was
pronounced dead, and an autopsy determined the baby did not belong to Morales-Rodriguez.
In Oakdale,
Louisiana, Pamela Causey-Fregia killed pregnant Victoria Marie Perez with blunt force trauma. Causey tried to
convince her husband, who was leaving her, that she was pregnant, despite her
family believing she had a hysterectomy. She reportedly burned the body and
buried it on her property. Causey's young children witnessed the alleged murder
and alerted police in 2015.
2013
In Mogale City, South
Africa, in January 2013, Loretta
Cooke extracted the fetus of Valencia
Behrens. The mother was found dead, the fetus survived.
In Johannesburg,
South Africa, on July 31, 2013, Zandile
Makulana extracted Pretty Tsanga's
fetus. Neither the mother nor her fetus survived.
2015
In Longmont,
Colorado, 34-year-old Dynel Lane
posted a Craigslist ad advertising
baby clothes for sale. When the seven months pregnant 26-year-old Michelle Wilkins responded to the ad,
Lane beat and stabbed her before removing the fetus from her body. According to
police reports, Lane's husband had come home and she had claimed to have had a
miscarriage. Her husband had found the baby in the bathtub and rolled it over
and saw it gasping for air; he then took both Lane and the baby to the
hospital. The baby was actually dead or died within minutes. Wilkins survived
the attack and while in Lane's basement she was able to lock the door, call
911, and get medical assistance. On
April 29, 2016, Lane was sentenced to 100 years imprisonment. According to Colorado law, no homicide charge was
brought as the mother survived and the neonate was found to have been not
viable. The 14 September 2015 episode of
the Dr. Phil interview of Michelle
details Michelle's story as of then.
In the Bronx, New York
City, Ashleigh Wade, 22, was accused of killing Angelikque Sutton, 22, and taking her baby who survived.
2017
In Fargo, North
Dakota, William Hoehn (32 years old) and Brooke Crews (38) were charged on August 28, 2017, with conspiring
to kidnap and murder pregnant Savanna
Greywind (22) and to kidnap her baby. Greywind's body was found in the
river 8 days after she disappeared on August 19. The newborn, named Haisley Jo, survived. Crews pled guilty
and said Greywind was still alive when she performed the cesarean on her.
2019
A nine-month pregnant 19-year-old Chicago woman, Marlen
Ochoa-Lopez (surname is alternately given as Ochoa-Uriostegui in some
reporting), was lured to a house with the promise of free baby clothes on April
23, and then strangled. Police believe that "the
baby was forcibly removed following that murder" and a 46-year-old
woman living at the residence subsequently called emergency services and stated
that she had just given birth to the infant. The baby boy was stated to be in
critical condition then. The deceased mother's body was found on the property
on May 15. The boy, named Yovanny Jadiel Lopez, died several weeks
later from brain damage.
Fetal abduction
attempts
2009
In Washington, DC,
in December 2009, Teka Adams, 29
years old, homeless and nine months pregnant, was abducted by acquaintance Veronica Deramous, aged 40. Deramous
enlisted the help of her seventeen-year-old son to tie up Adams and hold her
captive for four days. During those four days, Deramous unsuccessfully
attempted to extract the fetus. Adams was able to escape, barely clinging to
life and severely injured. A neighbor called 911, and both Adams and her fetus
survived. The cesarean was completed at a hospital and the baby was named Miracle. In November 2010 Veronica Deramous was sentenced to 25 years imprisonment on a plea
bargain for first-degree assault.
See also
À l'intérieur
(Inside), a 2007 French horror
film about a pregnant woman who is attacked by a sadistic woman who wants her
unborn child.
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