Ivan Robert Marko
Milat (27 December 1944 – 27 October 2019) was an Australian serial killer who was convicted of the backpacker
murders in 1996.
Early life
Ivan Milat was the son of a Croatian immigrant, Stjepan
Marko "Steven" Milat (1902–1983), and an Australian, Margaret
Elizabeth Piddleston (1920–2001), who married when she was 16. Milat was the fifth-born of their 14 children.
Many of the 10 Milat boys were well
known to local police, and Milat displayed antisocial behavior at a young age,
leading to a stint in a residential school at age 13. By 17, he was in a juvenile detention center
for theft, and at 19, he was involved in a shop break-in. In 1964, he was sentenced to 18 months for a
break and enter, and a month after release, he was arrested for driving a
stolen car and was sentenced to 2 years hard labor. In September 1967, aged 23, he was sentenced
to 3 years for theft. In April 1971, he
was charged with the abduction of two 18-year-old hitchhikers and the rape of
one of them. While awaiting trial, he
was involved in a string of robberies with some of his brothers, before faking
his suicide and fleeing to New Zealand
for a year. He was rearrested in 1974,
but the robbery and kidnap cases against him failed at trial with the help of
the Milat's family lawyer, John Marsden.
He took on a job as a truck driver in 1975, and by the time of the Belanglo State Forest crimes, Milat had
worked on and off for 20 years for the Roads
& Traffic Authority all over the state.
Backpacker murders
By the time of the first Belanglo State Forest discoveries, several backpackers had been
reported missing. One case involved a young Victorian
couple from Frankston, Deborah Everist (19) and James Gibson (19), who had been missing
since leaving Sydney for ConFest, near Albury, on 30 December 1989. Another related to Simone Schmidl (21), from Germany,
who had been missing since leaving Sydney
for Melbourne on 20 January 1991. Similarly, a German couple, Gabor
Neugebauer (21) and Anja Habschied
(20), had disappeared after leaving a Kings
Cross hostel for Mildura on 26
December 1991. Another involved missing British
backpackers Caroline Clarke (21) and
Joanne Walters (22), who was last
seen in Kings Cross on 18 April
1992.
Discovery of victims
On 19 September 1992, two runners discovered a concealed
corpse while orienteering in Belanglo. The following morning, police discovered a
second body 30 meters (98 ft) from the first. Police quickly confirmed, via dental records,
that the bodies were those of Clarke and Walters. A search of the area failed to uncover any of
the other missing backpackers.
In October 1993, however, a local man searching for firewood
discovered bones in a particularly remote section of the forest. He returned
with police to the scene where two bodies were quickly discovered and later
identified as Gibson and Everist. The presence of Gibson's body in Belanglo puzzled investigators as his
camera and backpack had previously been discovered at Galston Gorge, over 120 kilometers (75 mi) to the north.
On 1 November 1993, a skeleton was found in a clearing along
a fire trail in the forest during a police sweep. It was later identified as that of Schmidl. Clothing found at the scene was not Schmidl's
but matched that of another missing backpacker, Habschied. On 4
November 1993, the bodies of Habschied and Neugebauer were then found on a
nearby fire trail in shallow graves 50 meters (160 ft) apart.
Search for a serial
killer
Examination of the remains showed evidence that some of the
victims had been tortured and did not die instantly from their injuries. In response, on 14 October 1993, Task Force Air, containing more than 20
detectives and analysts were set up by the NSW
Police. On 5 November 1993, the NSW government increased the reward in
relation to the killings to $500,000. After developing their profile of the killer,
the police faced an enormous volume of data from numerous sources. Investigators applied link analysis
technology, and as a result, the list of suspects was narrowed from a shortlist of 230 to an even shorter list of 32.
Speculation arose that the crimes where the work of several killers, given
that most of the victims had been attacked while as pairs, had been killed in
different ways, and buried separately.
On 13 November 1993, police received a call from Paul Onions (24) in the U.K. On 25 January 1990, Onions had
been backpacking in Australia and,
while hitchhiking from Liverpool
station towards Mildura had
accepted a ride south out of Casula
from a man known only as "Bill".
South of the town of Mittagong, and less than 1 km from Belanglo State Forest, Bill stopped and pulled out a revolver
and some ropes stating it was a robbery, at which point Onions managed to flee.
Onions flagged down a passing motorist,
and together they described the assailant and his vehicle to the Bowral police. On 13 April 1994, detectives re-found the note
regarding Onions' call. Onions' statement was corroborated by Berry, along with
the girlfriend of a man who worked with Milat.
Arrest and trial
On 26 February 1994, police surveillance of the Milat house
at Cinnabar Street, Eagle Vale
commenced. Police learned that Milat had recently sold his silver Nissan Patrol four-wheel drive shortly
after the discovery of the bodies of Clarke and Walters. Police also confirmed that Milat had not been
working on any of the days of the attacks and acquaintances also told police
about Milat's obsession with weapons. When the connection between the Belanglo murders and Onions' experience
was made, Onions flew to Australia
to help with the investigation. On 5 May 1994, Onions positively identified Milat as the man who had picked him up and
attempted to assault him.
Milat was arrested at his home on 22 May 1994 on robbery and
weapon charges related to the Onions attack after 50 police officers surrounded
the house. The search of Milat's home
revealed various weapons, including a .22-calibre
Anschütz Model 1441/42 rifle and parts of a .22 caliber Ruger 10/22 rifle that matched the type used in the
murders, a Browning pistol, and a Bowie knife. Also uncovered were items belonging to several
of his victims. Homes belonging to his
mother and five of his brothers were also searched, uncovering several more items
belonging to the victims.
Milat appeared in court on 23 May, but he did not enter a
plea. On 31 May, Milat was also charged
with the seven backpacker murders. On 28
June, Milat sacked his defense lawyer, Marsden, and sought legal aid to pay for
his defense. Meanwhile, brothers Richard
and Walter were tried in relation to weapons, drugs and stolen items found on
their properties. A committal hearing
for Milat regarding the murders began on 24 October and lasted until 12 December,
during which over 200 witnesses appeared.
Based on the evidence, at the beginning of February 1995, Milat was
remanded in custody until June that same year.
On 26 March 1996, the trial opened at the Supreme Court of New South Wales and
was prosecuted by Mark Tedeschi. His defense argued that, in spite of the
evidence, there was no non-circumstantial proof Milat was guilty and attempted
to shift the blame to other members of his family, particularly Richard. 145 witnesses took the stand, including
members of the Milat family who endeavored to provide alibis, and, on 18 June,
Milat himself. On 27 July 1996, after 18 weeks of testimony,
a jury found Milat guilty of the murders. He was given a life sentence on each count
without the possibility of parole. He was also convicted of the attempted
murder, false imprisonment and robbery of Onions, for which he received six
years' jail each.
Incarceration and
appeals
On his first day, when arriving at Maitland Gaol, Milat was beaten by another inmate. Almost a year later, on 16 May 1997, he made
an escape attempt alongside convicted drug dealer and former Sydney councilor George Savvas. The plan
failed and Savvas was found hanged in his cell the next day, and Milat was
transferred to the maximum-security section at Goulburn Correctional Centre in Goulburn, New South Wales.
In November 1997, Milat appealed against his convictions due
to a breach of his common-law right to legal representation, as established in Dietrich v The Queen. However, the New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal
dismissed the appeal. In 2004, Milat
filed an application with the High Court
of Australia that he be allowed special leave to appeal on new grounds. The
application for leave was ultimately dismissed, affirming the Court of Criminal Appeal's decision to
disallow his initial appeal. On 27
October 2005, in the NSW Supreme Court
Milat's final avenue of appeal was refused. In 2006, two other application attempts were
rejected as well, as was one in November 2011.
In 2001, following the opening of the High-Risk Management Corrections Centre (Supermax) at Goulburn Correctional Centre, Milat was
transferred from the maximum security section of the prison into one of its 45
new units. In 2006, a toaster and TV
given to Milat in his cell caused a public outcry.
Health and death
On 26 January 2009, Milat cut off his little finger with a
plastic knife, with the intention of mailing it to the High Court of Australia to force an appeal. He was taken to Goulburn Base Hospital under high security; however, on 27 January
2009 Milat was returned to prison after doctors decided surgery was not
possible. Milat had previously
self-harmed in 2001 when he swallowed razor blades, staples, and other metal
objects. In May 2011, Milat went on a
9-day hunger strike, losing 25 kilograms in an unsuccessful attempt to be given
a PlayStation.
In May 2019, Milat was transferred to the Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, and
was subsequently diagnosed with terminal esophageal cancer. Following his
treatment, he was transferred to the Long
Bay Correctional Centre to continue his custodial sentences. On 9 August
2019, a terminally ill Milat was moved to a secure treatment unit located at
the Prince of Wales Hospital
following the loss of 20 kilograms in previous weeks; Milat was also exhibiting
a high temperature. His status, however, was reported as not
life-threatening. On 27 October 2019,
Milat died from esophagus and stomach cancer at 4:07 a.m. within the hospital
wing at Long Bay Correctional Centre.
He was 74 years old.
Prior to his death, Milat wrote a letter to his family
requesting that his funeral be paid for by the New South Wales Government. The request was denied by NSW Corrections Minister Anthony Roberts.
Instead, Milat's body was cremated with the full reimbursement of costs to be paid
from his prison account.
Other developments
On 8 November 2004, Milat gave a televised interview on Australian Story, in which he denied
that any of his family had been implicated in the seven murders. A miniseries
on the Seven Network, Catching Milat,
screened in 2015 and focused on the members of "Task Force Air" who tracked Milat. A book by Milat's nephew, Alistair Shipsey, The Milat
Letters (ISBN 1785547844) was released in 2016; In December 2018, Australian author Amanda Howard was writing a book on his crimes, based on her
correspondence with Milat.
In 2012, Milat's great-nephew Matthew Milat and his friend Cohen
Klein (both aged 19 at the time of their sentencing) was sentenced to 43
years and 32 years in prison, respectively, for murdering David Auchterlonie on his 17th birthday with an ax at the Belanglo State Forest in November 2010.
Matthew Milat struck Auchterlonie
with the double-headed ax as Klein audio-recorded the attack with a mobile
phone.
In May 2015, Milat's brother Boris Milat told Steve
Aperen, a former homicide detective who serves as a consultant with the Los Angeles Police Department and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation,
that Milat was responsible for another shooting: that of taxi cab driver Neville Knight, in 1962 after Milat
admitted to the crime. After conducting polygraph tests with Boris Milat and Allan Dillon, the man convicted of Knight's shooting, Aperen is
convinced that Milat did in fact shoot Knight.
Personal life
In 1975, Milat met a 16-year-old girl who was pregnant by
his cousin. They married in 1983, making him stepfather to her son, and they
had one daughter of their own. However,
she left him in 1987 due to domestic violence and they divorced in October
1989.
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