Aileen Carol
"Lee" Wuornos Pralle (/ˈwɔːrnoʊs/; born Aileen Carol Pittman; February 29, 1956 – October 9, 2002) was an American serial killer and prostitute
who murdered seven men in Florida in
1989 and 1990 by shooting them at point-blank range. Wuornos claimed that her
victims had either raped or attempted to rape her while she was servicing them,
and that all of the homicides were committed in self-defense. She was sentenced
to death for six of the murders and was executed by lethal injection on October
9, 2002.
The 2003 film Monster
chronicles Wuornos' story from childhood until her first murder conviction. It
stars Charlize Theron as Wuornos, a
performance that earned Theron an Academy
Award for Best Actress.
Early life
Wuornos was born Aileen
Carol Pittman in Rochester, Michigan,
on February 29, 1956. Her Finnish-American
mother, Diane Wuornos (born 1939),
was fourteen years old when she married Aileen's English American father, 16-year-old Leo Dale Pittman (1937–1969), on June 3, 1954. Aileen's older
brother Keith was born on March 14,
1955. After less than two years of
marriage, and two months before Aileen was born, Diane filed for divorce.
Wuornos never met her father, as he was incarcerated at the
time of her birth. Leo Dale Pittman was diagnosed with schizophrenia and later
convicted of sex crimes against children, and eventually died by suicide by
hanging in prison on January 30, 1969. In January 1960, when Wuornos was almost four
years old, Diane abandoned her children, leaving them with their maternal
grandparents, Lauri and Britta Wuornos
(née Moilanen), who legally adopted
Keith and Aileen on March 18, 1960.
By the age of 11, Wuornos began engaging in sexual
activities in school in exchange for cigarettes, drugs, and food. She had also engaged in sexual activities with
her brother. Wuornos said that her alcoholic grandfather had sexually assaulted
and beaten her when she was a child. Before beating her, he would force her to
strip out of her clothes. In 1970, at age
14, she became pregnant, having been raped by an accomplice of her grandfather.
Wuornos gave birth to a boy at a home for unwed mothers on
March 23, 1971, and the child was placed for adoption. A few months after her son was born, she
dropped out of school at about the same time that her grandmother died of liver
failure. When Wuornos was 15, her grandfather threw her out of the house, and
she began supporting herself as a prostitute and living in the woods near her
old home.
Early criminal
activity
On May 27, 1974, at age 18, Wuornos was arrested in Jefferson County, Colorado, for driving
under the influence (DUI), disorderly conduct, and firing a .22-caliber pistol
from a moving vehicle. She was later charged with failure to appear.
In 1976, Wuornos hitchhiked to Florida, where she met 69-year-old yacht club president, Lewis Gratz Fell. They married quickly;
and the announcement of their nuptials was printed in the local newspaper's
society pages. However, Wuornos continually involved herself in confrontations
at their local bar and went to jail briefly for assault. She also hit Fell with
his own cane, leading him to gain a restraining order against her within weeks
of the marriage. She returned to Michigan
where, on July 14, 1976, she was arrested in Antrim County and charged with assault and disturbing the peace for
throwing a cue ball at a bartender's head.
On July 17, her brother Keith died of esophageal cancer and
Wuornos received $10,000 from his life insurance. Wuornos and Fell annulled
their marriage on July 21 after only nine weeks. In August 1976, Wuornos was given a $105 fine
for drunk driving. She used the money inherited from her brother to pay the
fine and spent the rest within two months buying luxuries including a new car,
which she wrecked shortly afterwards.
On May 20, 1981, Wuornos was arrested in Edgewater, Florida, for the armed
robbery of a convenience store, where she stole $35 and two packs of
cigarettes. She was sentenced to prison on May 4, 1982, and released on June
30, 1983. On May 1, 1984, Wuornos was
arrested for attempting to pass forged checks at a bank in Key West. On November 30, 1985, she was named as a suspect in the
theft of a revolver and ammunition in Pasco
County.
On January 4, 1986, Wuornos was arrested in Miami and charged with car theft,
resisting arrest, and obstruction of justice for providing identification
bearing her aunt's name. Miami
police officers found a .38-caliber revolver and a box of ammunition in the
stolen car. On June 2, 1986, Volusia County deputy sheriff’s
detained Wuornos for questioning after a male companion accused her of pulling
a gun in his car and demanding $200. Wuornos was found to be carrying spare
ammunition, and police discovered a .22 pistol under the passenger seat she had
occupied.
Around this time, Wuornos met Tyria Moore, a hotel maid, at a Daytona Beach lesbian bar. They moved in together, and Wuornos supported
them with her earnings as a prostitute. On July 4, 1987, Daytona Beach police detained Wuornos and Moore at a bar for
questioning regarding an incident in which they were accused of assault and
battery with a beer bottle.
On March 12, 1988, Wuornos accused a Daytona Beach bus driver of assault. She claimed that he pushed her
off the bus following a confrontation. Moore was listed as a witness to the
incident. Up until her execution,
Wuornos claimed to still be in love with Moore.
Murders
Wuornos murdered seven men within a period of 12 months.
Richard Charles
Mallory, age 51, November 30, 1989—Electronics store owner in Clearwater. Wuornos' first victim was a
convicted rapist whom she claimed to have killed in self-defense. Two days
later, a Volusia County deputy
sheriff found Mallory's abandoned vehicle. On December 13, his body was found
several miles away in a wooded area; he had been shot several times, two
bullets to the left lung were found to have been the cause of death. It was on
this murder that Wuornos was initially condemned.
David Andrew Spears,
age 47—Construction worker in Winter
Garden. On June 1, 1990, his naked body was found along U.S. Route 19 in Florida in Citrus County.
He had been shot six times.
Charles Edmund
Carskaddon, age 40, May 31, 1990—Part-time rodeo worker. On June 6, 1990,
his body was found in Pasco County.
He had been shot eight times with a .20 caliber weapon. The body had been
wrapped in an electric blanket, and the body was badly decomposing when found.
Witnesses saw Wuornos in possession of Carskaddon's car, and Wuornos had also
pawned a gun identified as belonging to Carskaddon.
Peter Abraham Siems,
age 65—retired merchant seaman who devoted much of his time to a Christian outreach ministry. In June
1990, Siems left Jupiter, Florida,
for Arkansas. On July 4, 1990, his
car was found in Orange Springs, Florida.
Moore and Wuornos were seen abandoning the car, and Wuornos' palm print was
found on the interior door handle. His body was never found.
Troy Eugene Burress,
age 50—Sausage salesman from Ocala.
On July 31, 1990, he was reported missing. On August 4, 1990, his body was
found in a wooded area along State Road
19 in Marion County. He had been
shot twice.
Charles Richard "Dick" Humphreys, age 56, September 11,
1990—Retired U.S. Air Force Major,
former State Child Abuse Investigator,
and former Chief of Police. On
September 12, 1990, his body was found in Marion
County. He was fully clothed and had been shot six times in the head and
torso. His car was found in Suwannee
County.
Walter Jeno Antonio,
age 62—Trucker, security guard, and police reservist. On November 19, 1990,
Antonio's nearly naked body was found near a remote logging road in Dixie County. He had been shot four
times. Five days later, his car was found in Brevard County.
Justice system
Apprehension and
sentencing
On July 4, 1990, Wuornos and Moore abandoned Siems' car
after they were involved in an accident. Witnesses who had seen the women
driving the victims' cars provided police with their names and descriptions,
resulting in a media campaign to locate them. Police also found some of the
victims' belongings in pawn shops and retrieved fingerprints matching those
found in the victims' cars. Wuornos had a criminal record in Florida, and her fingerprints were on
file.
On January 9, 1991, Wuornos was arrested on an outstanding
warrant at The Last Resort, a biker
bar in Volusia County. Police located Moore the next day in Scranton, Pennsylvania. She agreed to
elicit a confession from Wuornos in exchange for immunity from prosecution.
Moore returned with the police to Florida,
where she was put up in a motel. Under police guidance, she made numerous
telephone calls to Wuornos, pleading for help in clearing her name. Three days
later, on January 16, 1991, Wuornos confessed to the murders. She claimed the
men had tried to rape her and she killed them in self-defense.
A year later, on January 14, 1992, Wuornos went to trial for
the murder of Mallory; although previous convictions are normally inadmissible
in criminal trials, under Florida's
Williams Rule the prosecution was allowed to introduce evidence related to
her other crimes to show a pattern of illegal activity. On January 27, 1992, Wuornos was convicted of
Mallory's murder with help from Moore's testimony. At her sentencing,
psychiatrists for the defense testified that Wuornos was mentally unstable and
had been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and antisocial
personality disorder. Four days later,
she was sentenced to death.
On March 31, 1992, Wuornos pleaded no contest to the murders
of Humphreys, Burress, and Spears, saying she wanted to "get right with God". In her statement to the court, she said, in
part: "I wanted to confess to you
that Richard Mallory did violently
rape me as I've told you; but these others did not. [They] only began to start
to." On May 15, 1992, Wuornos
was given three more death sentences.
In June 1992, Wuornos pleaded guilty to the murder of
Carskaddon. In November 1992, she received her fifth death sentence. The
defense made efforts during the trial to introduce evidence that Mallory had
been tried for intent to commit rape in Maryland
and that he had been committed to a maximum security correctional facility
that provided remediation to sexual offenders.
Records obtained from that institution reflected that, from
1958 to 1962, Mallory was committed for treatment and observation resulting
from a criminal charge of assault with intent to rape and received an overall eight
years of treatment from the facility. In 1961, "it was observed of Mr. Mallory that he possessed strong
sociopathic trends". The judge
refused to allow this to be admitted in court as evidence and denied Wuornos'
request for a retrial. In February 1993, Wuornos pleaded guilty to the murder
of Antonio and was sentenced to death again. No charges were brought against
her for the murder of Siems, as his body was never found. In all, she received
six death sentences.
Wuornos told several inconsistent stories about the
killings. She claimed initially that all seven men had raped her while she was
working as a prostitute but later recanted the claim of self-defense, citing
robbery and a desire to leave no witnesses as the reason for murder. During an interview
with filmmaker Nick Broomfield, when
she thought the cameras were off, she told him that it was, in fact,
self-defense, but she could not stand being on death row—where she had been for
ten years at that point—and wanted to die.
Assessed using the Psychopathy
Checklist, Wuornos scored 32/40. The
checklist evaluates individuals on a 20-item list of antisocial and
interpersonal behaviors, with each item being scored at zero, 1 or 2 and thus a
maximum score of 40. Depending on location and research perspective, scores
above 25 or 30 are consistent with a diagnosis of psychopathy.
Execution
Wuornos was incarcerated at the Florida Department of Corrections Broward Correctional Institution (BCI) death row for women, and then
transferred to the Florida State Prison
for execution. Her appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court was denied in 1996.
In a 2001 petition to the Florida
Supreme Court, she stated her intention to dismiss her legal counsel and
terminate all pending appeals. "I
killed those men," she wrote, "robbed
them as cold as ice. And I'd do it again, too. There's no chance in keeping me
alive or anything, because I'd kill again. I have hate crawling through my
system...I am so sick of hearing this 'she's crazy' stuff. I've been evaluated
so many times. I'm competent, sane, and I'm trying to tell the truth. I'm one
who seriously hates human life and would kill again." While her attorneys argued that she was not
mentally competent to make such a request, Wuornos insisted that she knew what
she was doing, and a court-appointed panel of psychiatrists agreed.
In 2002, Wuornos began accusing prison matrons of tainting
her food with dirt, saliva, and urine. She said she had overheard conversations
among prison personnel "trying to
get me so pushed over the brink by them I'd wind up committing suicide before
the execution" and "wishing
to rape me before execution". She also complained of strip searches,
tight handcuffing, door kicking, frequent window checks, low water pressure,
mildew on her mattress, and "cat
calling ... in distaste and a pure hatred towards me". Wuornos
threatened to boycott showers and food trays when certain officers were on
duty. "In the meantime, my stomach's
growling away and I'm taking showers through the sink of my cell." Her
attorney stated that "Ms. Wuornos
really just wants to have proper treatment, humane treatment until the day
she's executed." He added, "She
believes what she's written."
In the weeks before her execution, Wuornos gave a series of
interviews to Broomfield. She depicts, "being
taken away to meet God and Jesus and the angels and whatever is beyond the
beyond". In her final
interview, she once again charged that her mind was "tortured" at BCI,
and her head crushed by "sonic
pressure". Food poisonings and other abuses worsened, she said, each
time she complained, with the goal of making her appear insane, or to drive her
insane. She also turned on her interviewer: "You
sabotaged my ass! Society, and the cops, and the system! A raped woman got
executed, and was used for books and movies and shit!" Her
final on-camera words were "Thanks a
lot, society, for railroading my ass." Dawn
Botkins, a childhood friend of Wuornos, later told Broomfield that her
verbal abuse was directed at society and the media in general, not at him
specifically.
Wuornos's execution took place on October 9, 2002. She died
at 9:47 a.m. EDT. She declined her last
meal which could have been anything under $20 and opted for a cup of coffee
instead. Her last words were, "Yes, I would just like to say I'm
sailing with the rock, and I'll be back, like Independence Day, with Jesus.
June 6, like the movie. Big mother ship and all, I'll be back, I'll be
back." She was the tenth woman in the United States and the second in Florida to be executed since the 1976 United States Supreme Court
decision restoring capital punishment.
After death
Wuornos's body was cremated and her ashes were spread
beneath a tree in her native Michigan by
her childhood friend, Dawn Botkins.
Wuornos requested that Natalie Merchant's
song "Carnival" be played
at her funeral. Merchant commented on this when asked why she permitted "Carnival" to be played during
the credits of the documentary Aileen:
Life and Death of a Serial Killer:
When director Nick Broomfield sent a working edit of
the film, I was so disturbed by the subject matter that I couldn't even watch it.
Aileen Wuornos led a tortured,
torturing life that is beyond my worst nightmares. It wasn't until I was told
that Aileen spent many hours listening to my album Tigerlily while on death row and requested "Carnival" be played at her funeral that I gave permission
for the use of the song. It's very odd to think of the places my music can go
once it leaves my hands. If it gave her some solace, I have to be grateful.
Broomfield later speculated on Wuornos' motive and state of
mind:
I think this anger
developed inside her. And she was working as a prostitute. I think she had a
lot of awful encounters on the roads. And I think this anger just spilled out
from inside her. And finally exploded. Into incredible violence. That was her
way of surviving. I think Aileen really believed that she had killed in
self-defense. I think someone who's deeply psychotic can't really tell the
difference between something that is life threatening and something that is a
minor disagreement, which you could say, something that she didn't agree with.
She would get into a screaming black temper about it. And I think that's what
had caused these things to happen. And at the same time, when she wasn't in
those extreme moods, there was an incredible humanity to her.
In popular culture
Books
FBI profiler Robert K. Ressler only mentioned
Wuornos briefly in his autobiographical history of his 20 years with the FBI. Writing in 1992, he said he often
does not discuss female serial killers because they tend to kill in sprees
instead of in a sequential fashion. He
noted Wuornos as the sole exception. Ressler, who allegedly coined the phrase “serial killer” to describe murderers
seeking personal gratification, does not apply it to women killing in
postpartum psychosis or to any murderer acting solely for financial gain, such
as women who have killed a series of boarders or spouses.
In 2002, journalist Sue
Russell wrote a book about Wuornos called Lethal Intent.
In 2012, Lisa Kester
and Daphne Gottlieb edited and
published a collection of letters written over a 10-year span from Wuornos to
Botkins. The book is titled: Dear Dawn:
Aileen Wuornos in Her Own Words.
Documentaries
Filmmaker Nick Broomfield directed two documentaries about
Wuornos:
·
Aileen
Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer (1993)
·
Aileen:
Life and Death of a Serial Killer (2003)
Wuornos was the subject of episodes of the documentary TV series American Justice, Biography, and Deadly Women. She was also featured in an episode of the TV series The New Detectives (season 3, episode 1:
"Fatal Compulsion").
An episode of Murder
Made Me Famous on the Reelz
Television Network, airing December 1, 2018, chronicled the case.
YouTube filmmaker Dan Bell created a documentary titled "Sleeping in Serial Killer's Haunted
Motel Room: Aileen Wuornos Documentary". As the title suggests, he
started the documentary following a stay in the motel room where Wuornos lived
during the killing spree and leading up to her arrest.
Film
The theatrical film Monster
(2003), starred Charlize Theron as
Wuornos. It chronicles Wuornos' story from childhood until her first murder
conviction. The film earned Theron an Academy
Award for Best Actress.
Television
The TV movie Overkill:
The Aileen Wuornos Story (1992) starred Jean Smart as Aileen.
The antagonist of the 2002 Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode “Chameleon” - Maggie Peterson
(Sharon Lawrence), a prostitute who
murders her johns - is based on Wuornos.
Wuornos has been mentioned twice on the crime television
series Criminal Minds. Her mugshot
was shown in one episode, and in the Criminal
Minds novel Killer Profile, she
is one of the serial killers who is copied by the novel's main antagonist, Daniel Dryden.
In 2015, Lily Rabe
portrayed a fictionalized version of Wuornos as part of a Halloween storyline
in American Horror Story: Hotel in
the fourth episode of the show's fifth season, and later in the season finale. February 2020 Crime and Investigation Channel show TV series Very Scary People episodes 3 & 4 relate how the investigation
into Aileen was conducted.
Music
An operatic adaptation of Wuornos' life premiered at San Francisco, California's Yerba Buena Center for the Arts on June
22, 2001. Entitled Wuornos, the opera
was written by composer/librettist Carla
Lucero, conducted by Mary Chun,
and produced by the Jon Sims Center for the Performing Arts.
Several musicians have written songs about Wuornos,
including Jewel ("Nicotine Love") and the New York-based metalcore band It
Dies Today ("Sixth of
June"). The poet Doron
Braunshtein dedicated a poem to her, called "Aileen Wuornos", that appears in his 2011 spoken word CD
The Obsessive Poet. The poet, Olivia Gatwood, refers to Wuornos
throughout the book Life of the Party
(2019).
The singer Diamanda
Galás recorded a live cover of the Phil
Ochs song "Iron Lady",
which she would often perform as a tribute to Wuornos, for her performance
album Malediction and Prayer.
A song by Dolly's
Circus" named "Aileen's
song" was written and published in 2012.
The poem "Sugar
Zero" by Rima Banerji is
dedicated to Wuornos and appears in the 2005 Arsenal Pulp Press publication, Red
Light: Superheroes, Saints, and Sluts.
A parody cover version of Dolly Parton's "Jolene"
called "Aileen", inspired
by Wuornos, is featured on Willam Belli's
third solo album. The music video, featuring Gigi Gorgeous portraying Wuornos, was released on November 1, 2018.
Samples of interviews with Wuornos feature prominently
throughout Dragged Into Sunlight's
2009 album "Hatred for Mankind',
and Lingua Ignota's 2017 album "All Bitches Die" at the
beginning of the songs "For I Am the
Light (and Mine is the Only Way)" and "Holy is the Name (Of My Ruthless Axe)".
The song "Poor
Aileen", which is the final track from the 2015 album "Ours Is Chrome" by Superheaven, is written about the
female serial killer.
In 2019, rapper Cardi
B recreated Wuornos’ famous mugshot for her single “Press”.
On December 14, 2019, award-winning folk musician, J. Jeffrey Messerole, released the song
"Henrietta, Queen of the
Highway" as one of the tracks on the album "Crossroads Motel". He has publicly stated several times
that this song is based on the life of Aileen
Wuornos.
Psychopathology model
Wuornos's crimes are consistent with the psychopathology
model of women who kill. She was considered to have a psychopathic personality.
Using the Psychopathy Checklist,
Wuornos was found to have a psychopathic personality with a PCL-R score of 32 with
the cutoff score for psychopathy being 30 in the United States. Wuornos also
allegedly met the criteria for both borderline personality disorder and antisocial
personality disorder.
Much of Wuornos' childhood sexual abuse and career in
prostitution are said to have irrevocably damaged her and it could be seen that
traumatic experiences throughout most of her young life could play a part in
Wuornos's psychological state, including her biological mother's departure as
well as her grandmother ignoring the abuse she endured from her grandfather,
thus leading to the lack of development of a "mother-daughter" bond for Wuornos as a young girl.
The damage was then made worse because both Wuornos and her
brother believed that their grandparents were their biological parents, but at
the age of 11 they learned that this was not the case, which further damaged
the relationship between Wuornos and her adoptive parents. Wuornos was also known to have early behavioral
problems such as having an explosive temper which limited her ability to make
friends, as well as making it increasingly difficult for her to maintain
relationships.
Her traumatic upbringing, including her physical and sexual
abuse, has been partially linked to the development of her borderline
personality disorder. Such severe trauma
can also interrupt the development of the mind and result in "primitive, dissociative, and splitting
defenses to ward off the intensity of emotional and sexual stimulation that
cannot be integrated as a child."
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