Cecil Hotel

 

The Cecil Hotel is an affordable housing complex in Downtown Los Angeles. It opened on December 20, 1924, as a hotel, but declined during the Great Depression and subsequent decades. In 2011, the hotel was renamed the Stay On Main. The 14-floor hotel has 700 guest rooms and a checkered history, with many suicides and accidental or unnatural deaths occurring there. Renovations started in 2017 were halted by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in the hotel's temporary closure. On December 13, 2021, the Cecil Hotel was reinaugurated as an affordable housing complex.

A 2023 Los Angeles Times article described and photographed the run-down conditions inside the Cecil Hotel, which included black mold and vermin infestations, water leakages, graffiti, vandalism, and unsanitary communal amenities. Many of its low-income residents, including former Skid Row homeless persons, require ongoing medical, mental health and substance abuse treatment.

In 2024, the owners of the Hotel Cecil, Simon Baron Properties, listed the property for sale.

History

The Cecil was built in 1924 by three hoteliers—William Banks Hanner, Charles L. Dix and Robert H. Schops—as a destination for business travelers and tourists. Designed by Loy Lester Smith in the Beaux Arts (or Art déco) style and constructed by W. W. Paden; the hotel cost $1.5 million to complete and boasted an opulent marble lobby with stained-glass windows, potted palms, and alabaster statuary. The three hoteliers invested about $2.5 million in the enterprise, with the knowledge that several similar hotels had been established elsewhere downtown, but within five years of its opening, the United States sank into the Great Depression. Although the hotel flourished as a fashionable destination throughout the 1940s, the decades beyond saw the hotel decline, as the nearby area known as Skid Row became increasingly populated with transients. As many as 10,000 homeless people lived within a four-mile (6 km) radius.

In 1987, the Cecil Hotel featured prominently in the recordings of U2's music video "Where The Streets Have No Name", with many of the building's historical features visible.

In 2008, a portion of the hotel was refurbished after new owners took over from there.

In 2011, part of the Cecil Hotel was rebranded as "Stay on Main", with separate reception areas during the day, but with shared facilities and its official website remained thececilhotel.com.

In 2014, the hotel was sold to New York City hotelier Richard Born for $30 million, after which another New York-based firm, Simon Baron Development, acquired a 99-year ground lease on the property. In 2016, Matt Baron, president of Simon Baron, said he was committed to the preservation of architecturally or historically significant components of the building, such as the hotel's grand lobby, but his company planned to completely redevelop the interior and fix the "hodgepodge" work that had been done in more recent years. The hotel closed in 2017 for the renovation, but the work was suspended indefinitely when the COVID-19 pandemic hit.

In February 2017, the Los Angeles City Council voted to deem the Cecil a Historic-Cultural Monument, because it is representative of an early 20th-century American hotel and because of the historic significance of its architect's body of work.

On December 13, 2021, the Cecil Hotel reopened as an affordable housing complex operated by the Skid Row Housing Trust. The facility will provide affordable living accommodations for 600 low-income residents.

In April 2022, the historic Cecil Hotel room rate advertisement painted on its southern façade was illegally white-washed. Although it is unclear whether the owners, the lessees, or the sub-lessees were responsible for the removal of the protected landmark's signage, it was likely removed to make way for a new mural or billboard. It was reported that artist Matthew Garcia was commissioned to paint a mural on the building. Additionally, an artist's rendering of billboards designed by Found Design for Simon Baron Development and organized by media developer Kevani, in which the project is entitled "The Frames," has been in circulation. Kevani's website indicates that the billboards are "coming soon." The original advertisement had been on the building since at least 1927. It originally read "HOTEL CECIL LOW MONTHLY WEEKLY RATES 700 ROOMS" with monthly later changed to daily. The remains of the first letters can still be seen and this is why the current word "daily" is aligned on the right side unlike the other rows.

Reputation for violence, suicide, and murder

In 1931 a guest, W. K. Norton, died in his room after taking poison capsules. Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, more suicides at the Cecil occurred. In 2008, two long-time residents referred to the Cecil as "The Suicide", and it became a popular nickname in social media years later.

Cecil became a notorious rendezvous spot for adulterous couples, drug activity, and a common ground for prostitutes.

In 1964, a retired telephone operator named "Pigeon Goldie" Osgood who had been a well-known and well-liked long-term resident at the hotel was found dead in her room. She had been raped, stabbed, beaten and her room ransacked. Jacques B. Ehlinger was charged with Osgood's murder because he was seen covered in blood roaming the streets close to the hotel, but was later cleared as a suspect. Her murder remains unsolved.

In the 1980s, the hotel was the temporary residence of serial killer Richard Ramirez, nicknamed the "Night Stalker". Ramirez was a regular presence in the Skid Row area. According to a hotel clerk who had known him, Ramirez stayed at the Cecil for a few weeks. According to KPCC, he reportedly committed fourteen murders while resident there. On August 30, 1985, a group of Los Angeles residents spotted him in the street and prevented him from escaping until police arrived to arrest him. In 1989, Ramirez was convicted of 13 murders and sentenced to death, although he would ultimately die of cancer in 2013. Another serial killer, Austrian Jack Unterweger, stayed at the Cecil in 1991, possibly because he sought to copy Ramirez's crimes. While there, he strangled and killed at least three prostitutes, crimes he was convicted of in Austria.

In 2013, the Cecil (by then re-branded as the "Stay on Main" although still maintaining the original Hotel Cecil signs and painted advertisements on its exterior) became the focus of renewed attention when surveillance footage of a young Canadian student, Elisa Lam, behaving erratically in the hotel's elevator, was disseminated widely in international media. The video depicts Lam repeatedly pressing the elevator's buttons, walking in and out of the elevator and possibly attempting to hide from someone. It was recorded shortly before her disappearance. After 19 days, her naked body was discovered in a water supply cistern on the hotel roof, following complaints from guests of odd-tasting water and low pressure. How she got into the water tank long remained a mystery. The floor Lam stayed on was one of the floors that did not have security footage, which left uncertainty as to whether her death was a homicide until Lam’s sister had revealed to detectives that Lam had a history of not taking her medication. Among her possessions left at the hotel were several prescription medications, seemingly untouched. Lam had previously been diagnosed with an extreme form of bipolar disorder and was known for displaying similar psychotic behavior in the past, also claimed by her friends to act strange at times when her medications were not taken. Police ruled that her erratic behavior on the elevator was caused by a paranoid hallucination, as she had climbed into the tank herself, believing that she was in danger. Police then speculate that perhaps when she entered the tank, the water level was high enough that she could have gotten herself out; but as guests and residents used the tap water, the level could have decreased leaving her trapped in the tank, without a way to get herself out. They also speculate she undressed while in the tank, attempting to remove the clothing weighing her down. The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled her death accidental due to drowning, with bipolar disorder being a significant factor.

References

Whitcomb, Dan (February 20, 2013). "Body found in LA hotel water tank may be missing Canadian tourist". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on February 22, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2013.

"Hotel Cecil could finally reopen in late 2021". Curbed Los Angeles. September 3, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2020.

"It takes a village to house the homeless. Residents say the Cecil Hotel is failing to provide". Los Angeles Times. August 24, 2023.

"Once a den of prostitution and drugs, the Cecil Hotel in downtown L.A. is set to undergo a $100-million renovation". Los Angeles Times. June 1, 2016. Archived from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.

Dean Boerner (September 4, 2019). "Smaller Apartments Are Doing Big Things For Developers NationalMultifamily September 4, 2019". Bisnow. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2019. The Cecil, also known as The Stay on Main, sits just off Seventh and Main streets. Built in 1924, it holds 299 hotel rooms and 301 single-room occupancy residences.

"L.A.'s infamous Cecil Hotel up for sale after transformation to house homeless people". Los Angeles Times. March 9, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024.

Rowan Kelleher, Suzanne (February 28, 2021). "What Netflix Fans Need To Know About The Cecil Hotel's Rumored Reopening". Forbes. Archived from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2021.

Donahue, Sarah (April 3, 2021). "No opening date in sight for the Cecil Hotel". Downtown Los Angeles. Archived from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2021.

"The Cecil Hotel Featured in Creepy Netflix Doc Will Reopen As Affordable Housing". Los Angeles Magazine. City News Service. December 13, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.

"It takes a village to house the homeless. Residents say the Cecil Hotel is failing to provide". Los Angeles Times. August 24, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2024.

Hourie, Ilya; Bautista, Christian (March 5, 2024). "LA's Infamous Cecil Hotel Goes Up for Sale". The Real Deal. Retrieved April 10, 2024.

"Clipped From The Los Angeles Times". The Los Angeles Times. December 20, 1924. p. 4. Archived from the original on April 1, 2021. Retrieved March 5, 2021.

Keeler's Hotel Weekly, Vol. XVIII, No. 6, February 7, 1925.

"Historic 'colonial' Art Deco style Cecil Hotel runned[sic] by Sofitel". agefotostock.

"A Los Angeles-i halálhotel sztorija ennél jobb feldolgozást érdemelt volna". telex. February 12, 2021.

Keeler's Hotel Weekly, or Vol. XVIII, No. 6, February 7, 1925, page 7.

Condé Nast Traveler article (14 December 2012)

Eakin, Marah (March 27, 2022). "U2 Took Over Downtown L.A. for 'Where The Streets Have No Name'". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved January 26, 2025.

Wallace-King, Donna (October 29, 2014). "True tales of terror to keep you up at night". KSLA News. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved November 17, 2014.

Finch, Jenna (April 22, 2020). "The Deadliest LA Hotel: What They Didn't Tell Me About Stay on Main". Travel Dudes. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2021.

"The 'American Horror Story Hotel' exists in real life, here's where to find it". Fox News. January 15, 2016. Archived from the original on October 21, 2017. Retrieved October 25, 2017.

Rylah, Juliet Bennett (May 31, 2016). "Article". LAist.

Ocampo, Joshua (February 13, 2021). "Here's What We Know About the Dark Past of the Cecil Hotel". www.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.

Barragan, Bianca (September 3, 2019). "Downtown LA's creepy Hotel Cecil set to finally reopen in 2021". Curbed LA. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2020.

"Downtown LA's notorious Hotel Cecil named historic-cultural monument". MyNewsLA.com. February 28, 2017. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2017.

"Cecil Hotel's Historic Room Rate Sign Gets White-Washed, Angering Preservationists". L.A. TACO. April 18, 2022. Retrieved April 24, 2022.

"LA Conservationists are Mad as Hell - Muralist Commissioned to Repaint the Historic Cecil Hotel - Speaks! | Downtown Los Angeles Weekly | the Spirit of DTLA". dtlaweekly.com. April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 24, 2022.

"Digital Billboards - Los Angeles, CA". Kevani. Retrieved April 24, 2022.

"Billboards Los Angeles, CA". BULLETIN. Retrieved January 9, 2023.

Meares, Hadley (September 29, 2015). "'The Suicide': The Hotel Cecil and the Mean Streets of L.A.'s Notorious Skid Row". KCET. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 25, 2017.

Bloomekatz, Ari B. (January 25, 2008). "Change checks into skid row hotel". The Los Angeles Times. p. A-16.

"Bird Lover Slain, but Friends Remember". Los Angeles Times. June 6, 1964. p. 15. Archived from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved June 26, 2020.

Duke, Alan (February 23, 2013). "Hotel with corpse in water tank has notorious past". CNN. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.

"L.A. Hotel Where Body Was Found In Water Tank Has 'Long, Dark History'". NPR. February 21, 2013. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 25, 2017.

"Night Stalker Richard Ramirez and the Cecil Hotel: Here's Everything You Need to Know". MovieMaker Magazine. February 17, 2021. Archived from the original on February 19, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.

"The Real-Life Inspirations Behind American Horror Story: Hotel". Patriot Ledger. October 20, 2015. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2019.

Swann, Jennifer (October 27, 2015). "Elisa Lam Drowned in a Water Tank Three Years Ago, but the Obsession with Her Death Lives On". Vice. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2021.

"The True Story of What Happened to Elisa Lam at the Cecil Hotel". MSN. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.

Mikkelson, David (August 14, 2016). "The Strange Death of Elisa Lam". Snopes. Archived from the original on April 1, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2021.

External links

1939 photo of Cecil Hotel

Nancy Spungen

 

Nancy Laura Spungen (/ˈspʌŋɡən/; February 27, 1958 – October 12, 1978) was the American girlfriend of English musician Sid Vicious and a figure of the 1970s punk rock scene.

Born and raised in Philadelphia, Spungen was an emotionally disturbed child who was diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 15. After being expelled from college, she moved to New York City and became a stripper.

Known for being a groupie, she flew to London in December 1976 at the height of the punk rock movement, where she became involved with Vicious, the bassist for the Sex Pistols. Their relationship was tumultuous, characterized by domestic violence, substance abuse, and heroin addiction. Media labeled Spungen "Nauseating Nancy" for her outrageous and frequently antisocial behavior.

After John Lydon left the band and Vicious was made a focal point of subsequent band activities, the couple moved to New York City and checked into the Hotel Chelsea, where they spent much of their time using drugs, especially heroin.

In October 1978, Spungen was found dead in the bathroom of the couple's room at the Hotel Chelsea from a single stab wound to her abdomen. Vicious was charged with her second-degree murder but died of a heroin overdose while on bail in February 1979, before the case could be brought to trial. Various authors and filmmakers have speculated about Vicious' role in Spungen's death, and the possibility that she was killed by a drug dealer who frequently visited their room.

Early life and education

Spungen was born on February 27, 1958, at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, to Franklin "Frank" (1934–2010) and Deborah Spungen (1937–2024). The Spungens were a middle-class Jewish family that resided in Lower Moreland Township, a Philadelphia suburb. Spungen's father was a traveling salesman and her mother later owned an organic food store called The Earth Shop in nearby Jenkintown. Her maternal family originally emigrated to the United States from Zhmerynka, Ukraine, following the pogroms during the Russian Civil War in the 1910s.

At the time of her birth, a newborn Spungen nearly died of oxygen deprivation after being choked by her umbilical cord during delivery; it was determined that she had not suffered any serious brain-damaging oxygen loss. However, it was then noted that her skin was jaundiced and that she showed symptoms of severe cyanosis, forcing the newborn to undergo immediate blood transfusions. Her parents were not able to see her or hold her at this point, preventing potential bonding-time. Instead, she was strapped restrained to a hospital bed and treated by medical staff, who ultimately saved her life. She was released from the hospital eight days after birth.

Spungen proved to be a difficult baby, throwing crying fits and temper tantrums late into childhood. At three months old, she was prescribed a liquid barbiturate by a pediatrician, something typically given to patients experiencing seizures. The medication was ineffective, and her violent behavior persisted. In 1983, Spungen's mother said, "I know it's normal for babies to cry, but Nancy did nothing but scream." Although she excelled academically, she had few friends during her elementary school years.

As a child, Spungen exhibited violent behavior toward her younger sister Susan, but was very caring toward her younger brother David. Susan, who later became a noted author and food stylist, said she had "mixed memories" of her sister: "We were happy as kids and we played together and I looked up to [Nancy]. I was 10 or 11 when she went to boarding school and then she wasn't home a lot."

Spungen allegedly threatened to kill a babysitter with scissors and attempted to batter a psychiatrist who had accused her of acting out for attention. At age 11, Spungen was expelled from public school after missing class over two weeks. Weary of her erratic behavior, her parents enrolled her at Devereux Glenholme School in Washington, Connecticut, and, later, at Devereux Manor High School in Berwyn, Pennsylvania. In January 1972, she ran away from Devereux Manor and attempted suicide by slitting her wrists with scissors. At age 15, her psychiatrist diagnosed her with schizophrenia.

Spungen graduated from Lakeside High School in 1974, two weeks after she was accepted to the University of Colorado Boulder. She began attending the university at age 16. Five months into her freshman year, she was arrested for attempting to purchase marijuana from an undercover police officer. After she was arrested a second time for storing stolen property in her dorm room, CU Boulder expelled her. Spungen's father traveled to Boulder and accepted a plea bargain on her behalf, under which she agreed to be banished from the state of Colorado.

Relationship with Sid Vicious

Spungen left home at age 17 and moved to New York City, where she supported herself via prostitution, amateur music journalism, and working at clothing stores. In her free time, she became a groupie and followed rock bands, including Aerosmith, Bad Company, the New York Dolls, and the Ramones.

In December 1976, Spungen flew to London with The Heartbreakers and met the Sex Pistols, which later included bassist Sid Vicious. Vicious and Spungen first met the night she arrived in London. After being rejected by John Lydon, Nancy and Sid started a relationship, moving in together in March 1977.

Over their 19-month relationship from March 1977 to October 1978, Spungen and Vicious developed heroin addictions; Vicious was already using multiple drugs prior to meeting Spungen. Tabloids dubbed Spungen "Nauseating Nancy" for her frequent public outbursts.

In January 1978, following the breakup of the Sex Pistols, Spungen and Vicious relocated to New York City, where they lived in Room 100 at the Hotel Chelsea, where they were registered as "Mr. and Mrs. John Simon Ritchie", Vicious' real name.

Death

On October 12, 1978, Spungen's body was found under the wash basin in the bathroom of their room at the Hotel Chelsea. She had suffered a stab wound to the abdomen. Vicious owned the knife that inflicted the injury, a Jaguar Wilderness K-11 with a five-inch (13 cm) blade. Press misreported the murder weapon as a different knife owned by Vicious, a "007" hunting knife.

Vicious shared conflicting stories of the night Spungen died. He was immediately arrested, charged with second-degree murder, and released on $50,000 bail. Four months after Spungen's death, Vicious died of a heroin overdose prior to his trial taking place. The New York City Police Department closed the case after Vicious' death.

Spungen is buried in the King David Memorial Park, a traditional Jewish cemetery in Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania.

There are various theories about the cause of Spungen's death. Some of them do not implicate Vicious in her murder. One such theory is that two drug dealers visited their room that night and conducted a robbery. Certain items, including a substantial amount of money, were claimed to be missing from the room.

In his book Pretty Vacant: A History of Punk, Phil Strongman accuses actor and stand-up comic Rockets Redglare of killing Spungen; Redglare delivered drugs to the couple's room the night of Spungen's death. Throughout his life, Redglare (who died in 2001) steadfastly denied any involvement in the killing to the press, but allegedly confessed to the killing within his circle of friends.

In popular culture

In 1979, "Horror Business", a 1979 song by the American punk rock band the Misfits, was inspired by Spungen's murder. The song's lyrics include lines, such as: "You don't go in the bathroom with me" and "I'll put a knife right in you." Prior to Vicious's death, the Misfits were rumored to back Vicious on his proposed debut solo album. Misfits bassist Jerry Only attended a dinner gathering at the apartment of Michelle Robison, Vicious's new girlfriend, the night Vicious died.

In 1982, the poet Thom Gunn published a poem about Spungen, entitled "The Victim." It appeared in his volume, The Passages of Joy.

In 1983, Spungen's mother Deborah wrote a memoir, And I Don't Want to Live This Life. Its title is taken from a poem Vicious wrote.

In 1986, the film Sid and Nancy, directed by Alex Cox, was released, portraying the life of Vicious, played by Gary Oldman, and his relationship with Spungen, played by Chloe Webb. Critics praised Webb's performance as Spungen. In the film, Cox also put forth the theory that Spungen and Vicious had a suicide pact.

In the 2000 song, "Butterfly" by Crazy Town. the lyrics reference Sid and Nancy.

The 2006 anime Nana references Sid and Nancy's relationship and its punk/rock aesthetics, particularly when it comes to two main characters.

In 2007, Veronica Schanoes's story "Rats" appeared at the 2007 Interstitial Arts Foundation anthology, Interfictions. The story is a punk rock fairytale inspired by Spungen's life. Schanoes said, "I wrote 'Rats' because I was angry with the way the recent coffee-table histories of punk seem to have no problem demonizing a dead, mentally ill, teenage girl."

In 2010, a documentary film Who Killed Nancy?, directed by Alan G. Parker, was released, and includes interviews with Vicious and Spungen's associates, including John Holmstrom, Don Letts, Glen Matlock, and Howie Pyro.

In 2013, Spungen was portrayed by Tamsin Egerton in episode 4, series 1 of the British sketch comedy show Psychobitches. She appears among the famous women from history and fiction who are interviewed by a therapist played by Rebecca Front.

In 2022, Pistol, a miniseries, was released, with Vicious portrayed by Louis Partridge. The miniseries depicts Vicious as waking up in a confused state the morning after Spungen's death with apparently vague recollections of an altercation the previous night. He is then horrified to find Spungen, played by Emma Appleton, dead in the bathroom. This version appears to accept Vicious's account that he had no memory of how Spungen had been injured.

The Weezer song “We Might as Well Be Strangers,” featuring Wednesday from the band’s 2026 self-titled album (commonly known as the Gold Album), references Sid Vicious and Nancy Spungen in the lyric, “I was Nancy, you were Vicious.”

References

"Mother of murder victim to speak about latest book in West Mt. Airy", chestnuthilllocal.com. Accessed October 17, 2025.

Spungen (1983), p. 32.

"Deborah "Deb" Spungen Obituary 2024".

"Nancy and Sid: A punk mystery story". The Independent. October 11, 2003.

Schoemer, Karen (October 17, 2008). "The Day Punk Died". New York.

Spungen (1983), p. 139.

"Food Stylist Susan Spungen Could Always Find Her Grandmother in the Kitchen". Jewish Food Society. December 14, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2024.

Spungen (1983), pp. 33–34.

Orr, Deborah (October 12, 2003). "Nancy and Sid: A punk mystery story". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 18, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2019.

Spungen (1983), p. 45.

Spungen (1983), p. 68.

Spungen (1983).

McMahon, Barbara (July 25, 2013). "Susan Spungen: the woman who taught Meryl Streep how to flip omelettes". The Times. Retrieved March 11, 2024.

Wakeman, Jessica (October 12, 2017). "Flashback: Nancy Spungen Found Dead at Chelsea Hotel". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 7, 2019.

Spungen (1983), p. 193.

Spungen (1983), p. 200.

Spungen (1983), p. 192.

Spungen (1983), p. 194.

"16 Truly Disturbing Moments That Made Punk Rocker Sid Vicious of the Sex Pistols Live up to His Name".

"My New York: Sid & Nancy". July 25, 2010.

Bardach, Ann (October 28, 1978). "The Not So Lonesome Death of Nancy Spungen". The SoHo Weekly News.

Bruno, Anthony (July 2006). "Punk Rock Romeo and Juliet: Sid Vicious and Nancy Spungen". Crime Library. Archived from the original on July 1, 2006. Retrieved December 24, 2017.

"Sex Pistols Vicious on Murder Charge". BBC. October 12, 1978.

"Sid Vicious dies from drugs overdose". BBC. February 2, 1979.

Allen, Liam (February 2, 2009). "Did Sid Kill Nancy?". BBC News.

Hershkovits, David; Vinson, Lesley (October 19–25, 1978). "He Said He Was Going to Kill". Soho News Weekly.

Simpson, Aislinn (January 20, 2009). "Documentary claims Sex Pistols singer Sid Vicious did not kill girlfriend Nancy Spungen". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2019.

"Sid and Nancy: a Punk Rock Murder Mystery". Crime + Investigation. October 10, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2019.

Greene 2013, p. 30.

Lariviere, Aaron (October 31, 2012). "The 10 Best Misfits Songs". Stereogum. Retrieved September 14, 2019.

"The 100 Sleaziest Moments In Rock". Spin. 16 (10). SPIN Media LLC: 101. October 2000. ISSN 0886-3032.

Ebert, Roger (October 25, 1986). "Review: Sid and Nancy". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved December 24, 2017.

Hayes, Britt (April 21, 2016). "Requiem For A Blonde: A Tribute To The Most Hated Half Of Sid and Nancy". Birth, Movies, Death. Retrieved December 24, 2017.

"Nana (manga)", Wikipedia, December 2, 2024, retrieved December 6, 2024

Mondor, Colleen (July 2007). "Interfictions: An Anthology of Interstitial Writing". Bookslut. Retrieved December 25, 2017.

Scheck, Frank (October 14, 2010). "Who Killed Nancy – Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 25, 2017.

Sources

Spungen, Deborah (1983). And I Don't Want to Live This Life. New York City: Random House Inc. ISBN 978-0394533728.

Greene, James Jr. (2013). This Music Leaves Stains: The Complete Story of the Misfits. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9781589798922. OCLC 859433639.

External links

Nancy Spungen at IMDb

Nancy Spungen at Find a Grave

Ken Bridges

 

Kenneth Bridges, a prominent African-American businessman and motivational speaker, was shot and killed while refueling his car in Virginia on October 11, 2002, during the Beltway Sniper attacks.

Overview of Kenneth Bridges' Tragic Death

Kenneth Bridges, a notable African-American businessman and motivational speaker, was shot and killed on October 11, 2002. His death occurred while he was refueling his car at a gas station in Virginia, making him one of the victims of the infamous Beltway Sniper attacks.

Details of the Incident

Date and Location

Date: October 11, 2002

Location: Gas station in Virginia

Circumstances

Kenneth Bridges was shot during a random shooting spree carried out by the Beltway Snipers, who terrorized the Washington, D.C. area over a three-week period.

He was refueling his vehicle when he was targeted, marking a tragic end to his life and career.

Impact and Legacy

Kenneth Bridges was known for his work in motivating and empowering the African-American community. His contributions included:

Role as a Motivational Speaker: He inspired many individuals to improve their lives and pursue their goals.

Leadership in MATAH: Bridges was the president of the MATAH network, which focused on economic self-determination for African Americans.

His untimely death left a significant void in the community, and he is remembered for his dedication to uplifting others.

Kenneth Bridges, a 53-year-old business executive from Philadelphia, was shot and killed while pumping gas at a station near Fredericksburg, Virginia, on October 11, 2002, during the Beltway sniper attacks. The shooting occurred despite a nearby Virginia State Trooper hearing the shot and responding immediately.

The Beltway Sniper attacks profoundly affected public safety in Virginia, causing widespread fear and prompting residents to alter their daily activities, such as avoiding outdoor tasks and staying indoors. The attacks led to increased police presence and heightened security measures in the region.

Kenneth Bridges is remembered for his commitment to uplifting the African-American community through motivational speaking and business initiatives, particularly with the MATAH Network, which focused on economic self-determination. His legacy includes inspiring many to improve their lives and encouraging conscious spending within the Black community to foster economic growth.

Murder of Yap Shing Xuen

 

On 14 October 2025, Yap Shing Xuen (Chinese: 叶芯嫙; pinyin: Yè Xīnxuán), a 15-year-old Malaysian schoolgirl, was murdered by stabbing in SMK Bandar Utama Damansara (4), Bandar Utama, Selangor, Malaysia. The perpetrator, a 14-year-old student of the same secondary school, stabbed Yap to death using a knife.

Murder

Yap was last seen heading to the school toilet before the murder, and never returned to class. One of the teachers found her body, with bloodstains on her school uniform and the toilet floor. According to students' testimony, the murderer was seen walking around drinking from his water bottle with a knife on his hand after the killing. It was reported that the graduation ceremony, which was planned initially on the same day, was later called off after the attack.

2025	Bandar Utama Stabbing
Location	SMK Bandar Utama Damansara (4), Bandar Utama, Selangor, Malaysia
Date	14 October 2025, 11 months ago (UTC+8:00)
Target	Yap Shing Xuen, and other school students and teachers (presumption)
Attack type	Stabbing
Weapons	Two knives, including one Karambit
Deaths	1 (by stabbing)
Injured	Unknow
Motive	Mental disorder, but allegations include: Anti-Social Behaviour, Misogynist Terrorism, Incel Ideology
Charges	1, Murder
Convicted	Not guilty
Litigation	Kitson Foong

Killer's alleged handwritten note

In October 2025, shortly after Yap's death, a handwritten note, allegedly written by the murderer, was circulated in social media which stated the murderer's motive of the killing. The note, mainly written in Chinese with some parts in English and Japanese Romaji, contains excerpts of the anime series Death Note, and notable school shooting incidents such as the Columbine High School massacre, Virginia Tech shooting, Uvalde school shooting, and Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. The two-paged note read:

All of you are going to die!

Zero Day

All people from school and society are only NPCs— First page

Soda boku ga kira da ("That's right, I am Kira") I am the Justice, the hope of humanity, I will be the God of the new world

I'm the one insisting fear to humanity, currently I'm just a 14-year-old teenager

So how fellow NPCs? It's totally my winning! That's right! It's me! Winning!

It's not my fault, but the whole world... [REDACTED]

I love you Shing Xuen I will leave this world with you together

No matter what the cost, it doesn't matter. In this timeline victory is everything. Columbine Eric Harris Dylan klebold Virgina Tech Seung-Hui Cho Uvalde Robb Elementary Salvador Ramos Sandy Hook Adam Lanza

All the truth are in (my) phone

Password: CHSX8111222

Rubbish school, rubbish society, burn the school, defeat the teachers. I want to seek revenge in school

Investigation and trial

The Royal Malaysia Police classified the case as murder. The offence carries the death penalty in Malaysia or between 30 and 40 years of imprisonment plus caning; however, the former cannot be applied because of the murderer being underage. Initial investigation revealed that there was no interaction between the suspect and the victim before the attack, contrary to social media beliefs that the victim rejected the suspect's romantic advances. No elements of school bullying were found during the investigation. Two knives, a Marine combat knife with the words "Sandy Hook 2012" and "Adam Lanza" engraved, and a karambit with the name "Seung-Hui Cho" engraved were seized for investigation.

The suspect was charged on 22 October 2025. The High Court ordered the suspect to be sent to Tanjung Rambutan Psychiatric Hospital for a one-month psychiatric assessment. He was later assessed as fit to stand trial and was transferred to Puncak Alam Correctional Centre in Selangor for further evaluation. The court proceedings was scheduled to 6 February 2026. The defence witness, Dr. Ian Lloyd from Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta, testified that the suspect suffered from schizophrenia and mental illness, and experienced delusions since he was nine years old. On 14 September, the Shah Alam High Court found the suspect to be of unsound mind during the incident and therefore acquitted on grounds of insanity. The court ordered him to be detained and treated at Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta, Perak, at the pleasure of the Sultan of Selangor.

Public response

Many domestic leaders expressed their support and condolences in the immediate aftermath of the murder, including former Youth and Sports Minister Hannah Yeoh, and Nurul Izzah Anwar. Malaysian Chinese Association national organising secretary Leaw Kok Chan stated that an amendment proposal on the party's constitution to prevent convicted criminals from applying for membership.

Allegations of manosphere subculture

Several feminist individuals and groups condemned the murder, claiming that the attack was motivated by the incel subculture and femicide. Activist Ain Husniza Saiful Nizam, founder and executive director of the feminist non-government organization Pocket of Pink (POP), launched a demonstration march from Taman Tugu Negara to Malaysian Parliament Building on 22 October 2025 in response, which include activists and student movements. The group also demanded the resignation of Minister of Education Fadhlina Sidek over her mishandling of the case including previous bullying and rape cases involving secondary school students. It was also reported that politician Wan Ahmad Fayhsal Wan Ahmad Kamal attended the demonstration.

Aftermath

Yap's family conducted a five-day funeral, conducted in Buddhist rites for her in Nirvana 2 Memorial Centre, Kuala Lumpur, which was attended by Nurul Izzah Anwar and Hannah Yeoh. Flower wreaths were sent to the funeral, including from the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar. Yeoh placed the Malaysian national jersey in Yap's coffin, citing her active involvement in her school's volleyball team. Yap was cremated in 20 October 2025 in Nirvana Memorial Park Crematorium, Shah Alam, Selangor, with her parents absent during the cremation due to Chinese traditional belief of not encouraging parents to witness the burial of their children.

Following the acquittal of the suspect, Yap's mother, Wong Lee Ping @ Aapple Wong, appealed to the public to support a petition to urge the Attorney-General's Chambers (AGC) to appeal the court's ruling. At the same time, Wanita DAP urged the AGC to brief Yap's family on the court's ruling.

References

"16-Year-Old Girl Stabbed To Death In Bandar Utama School". The Rakyat Post. 14 October 2025. Retrieved 24 October 2025.

"Malaysia school stabbing: Handwritten note found on suspect alludes to love, revenge, anger". The Straits Times. 16 October 2025. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 22 October 2025.

"Teen in fatal school stabbing to face murder charge tomorrow". Malaysiakini. 21 October 2025. Retrieved 22 October 2025.

"Regulate Online Games, Says Addiction Medicine Group After BU School Stabbing". CodeBlue. 17 October 2025. Retrieved 24 October 2025.

"Selangor school stabbing: 14-year-old boy charged with murder of female schoolmate, to undergo psychiatric evaluation". Channel News Asia. 22 October 2025. Retrieved 17 September 2025.

Hamdan, Nurbaiti (16 January 2026). "Fifteen-year-old accused in school stabbing declared fit to stand trial". The Star. Retrieved 17 September 2026.

"Malaysian teen who fatally stabbed schoolmate acquitted on grounds of insanity". Channel News Asia. 14 September 2026. Archived from the original on 14 September 2026. Retrieved 16 September 2026.

Rai, Arpan (14 September 2026). "Schoolboy acquitted of murdering 16-year-old classmate in case that rocked Malaysia". The Independent. Archived from the original on 15 September 2026. Retrieved 16 September 2026.

Kuang, Ye Jun (20 October 2025). "Over a hundred in 'final bow' as Yap Shing Xuen is cremated [WATCH]". NST Online. Retrieved 22 October 2025.

Ann, Sin Yi (15 September 2026). "Mum of Bandar Utama stabbing victim seeks support for court ruling review | New Straits Times". New Straits Times. Retrieved 16 September 2026.

"Wanita DAP urges A-GC to brief Yap Shing Xuen's family on acquittal | New Straits Times". New Straits Times. 16 September 2026. Retrieved 16 September 2026.

Reno Gang

 

The Reno Gang, also known as the Reno Brothers Gang and The Jackson Thieves, were a group of criminals who operated in the Midwestern United States during and just after the American Civil War. Though short-lived, the gang carried out the first three peacetime train robberies in U.S. history. Most of the stolen money was never recovered.

The gang was broken up by the lynchings of ten of its members by vigilante mobs in 1868. The murders led to an international diplomatic incident with Canada and Great Britain, international newspaper coverage, and a general public uproar, though no one was ever identified or prosecuted for the lynchings.

The Reno Brothers have been portrayed in at least three films, including Elvis Presley's film debut in Love Me Tender (1956), in which he starred as Clint Reno, and Rage at Dawn (1955), featuring Randolph Scott.

Family and early life

J. Wilkison (also known as Wilkinson or Wilkerson) Reno moved to Indiana in 1813 from the Salt River region of Kentucky, one of the Civil War border states. He married Julia Ann Freyhafer in 1835. Future gang members Franklin (Frank), John, Simeon (Sim), and William (Bill) Reno were born to the couple in Rockford, Jackson County, Indiana. There was also another son, Clinton ("Honest" Clint), and a daughter, Laura. In their early years, the siblings were raised in a strict Methodist farming household and were required to read the Bible all day on Sunday, according to John Reno's 1879 autobiography. Neither Clint nor Laura were involved in the gang's crime spree.

The rest of the brothers got into trouble early. John claimed that he and Frank bilked travellers in crooked card games. The Renos were also suspected when a series of mysterious fires broke out around Rockford over a period of seven years beginning in 1851. The community also suspected the brothers in the theft of a horse. The crimes caused considerable tension in the town, so Wilkison and four of his sons fled, living near St. Louis, Missouri, for some time, before returning to their farm in 1860. The American Civil War broke out shortly after, and the brothers enlisted in hopes of escaping the angry citizens of the town.

Civil War

During the war, Frank, John, and possibly Simeon became bounty jumpers. They were paid to enlist in the Union Army, then failed to appear for duty. They continued to enlist under different names and in different locales, taking additional money. Federal records show that Frank, John, and Simeon all deserted. Many residents of southern Indiana were sympathetic to the Confederate States of America or were Northern Democrats wanting peace (known as "Copperheads"). It is not known if the Reno brothers were Copperheads or simply taking advantage of the situation. William briefly went AWOL but did return to serve out his enlistment. He was the only one who received an honorable discharge from the army. (There is a possibility that he was not a member of the gang.)

In 1864, Frank and John returned to Rockford, and a gang began to form under their leadership; Simeon and William joined them. Late that year, Frank and two other gang members, Grant Wilson and a man named Dixon, robbed the post office and Gilbert's Store in nearby Jonesville, Indiana. They were arrested but were released on bond. Wilson agreed to testify against his fellow robbers but was murdered before he could do so, and Frank was acquitted.

Post-war crimes

Frank Reno (1837–1868)

John Reno (1839–1895)

Frank Sparks

The Reno Gang was the first "Brotherhood of Outlaws" in the United States. They terrorized the Midwest for several years and inspired a host of other similar gangs who copied their crimes, leading to several decades of high-profile train robberies. Their gang attracted several new members after the end of the war. They started by robbing and murdering travellers in Jackson County and began to branch out to other counties, where they raided merchants and communities.

They planned to rob their first train near Seymour, Indiana, an important rail hub at that time. On the evening of October 6, 1866, John Reno, Sim Reno, and Frank Sparkes boarded an Ohio and Mississippi Railway train as it started to leave the Seymour depot. They broke into the express car, restrained the guard, and broke open a safe containing approximately $16,000. From the moving train, the three men pushed a larger safe over the side, where the rest of the gang was waiting. Unable to open the second safe, the gang fled as a large posse approached.

Later, passenger George Kinney stepped forward to identify two of the robbers. The three men were arrested, but were released on bail. When Kinney was shot and killed, the other passengers refused to testify and all charges had to be dropped. However, the robbery would ultimately lead to the gang's downfall. The contents of the safe were insured by the Adams Express Company, which hired the Pinkerton Detective Agency to track down and capture the gang.

On November 17, 1867, the Daviess County Courthouse in Gallatin, Missouri, was robbed. John Reno was identified, arrested by Pinkerton agents, and sentenced to 25 years in the Missouri State Penitentiary in 1868. He was released in February 1878. He returned to Seymour in 1886, but was again sent to prison for three years, this time for counterfeiting.

However, this did not deter the gang. Three robberies in Iowa followed in quick succession, in February and March 1868. Frank Reno and fellow gang members Albert Perkins and Miles Ogle were caught by Pinkertons led by Allan Pinkerton's son William, but broke out of jail on April 1. A second train robbery occurred in December 1867, when two members of the gang robbed another train leaving the Seymour depot. The robbers netted $8,000, which was turned over to the brothers. A third train, owned by the Ohio & Mississippi, was stopped by six members of the gang on July 10, though the Reno brothers were not involved. Waiting in ambush, however, were ten Pinkerton agents. A shootout ensued, and after several of the gang were wounded, the would-be robbers fled.

In March 1868, the residents of Seymour formed a vigilante group with the aim of killing the gang. In response, the gang fled west to Iowa where they robbed the Harrison County treasury of $14,000. The next day, they robbed the Mills County treasury of $12,000. The Pinkerton detectives quickly located the men and arrested them at Council Bluffs, Iowa. On April 1, the gang escaped from their Iowa jail and returned to Indiana.

The Reno Gang then robbed its fourth train on May 22. Twelve men boarded a Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis Railroad train as it stopped at the train depot in Marshfield, Indiana, a now-defunct community in Scott County, Indiana. As the train pulled away, the gang overpowered the engineer and uncoupled the passenger cars, allowing the engine to speed away. After breaking into the express car and throwing express messenger Thomas Harkins off the train (causing fatal injuries), the gang broke open the safe, netting an estimated $96,000. This robbery gained national attention and was reported on in many major papers. The Pinkertons pursued, but the gang dispersed throughout the Midwest.

The gang attempted to rob another train on July 9. Pinkerton detectives had learned of the plan and ten agents were waiting aboard the train. When the gang broke in, the agents opened fire, wounding two of the gang. Everyone was able to escape except Volney Elliot, who identified the other members of the gang in exchange for leniency. Using this information, the detectives arrested two more members of the gang, Charlie Roseberry and Theodore Clifton, the next day in Rockport.

Lynchings

All three men were taken by train to jail. However, on July 10, 1868, three miles outside Seymour, Indiana, the prisoners were taken off the train and hanged by the neck from a nearby tree by a group of masked men calling itself the Jackson County Vigilance Committee. Three other gang members, Henry Jerrell, Frank Sparks, and John Moore, were captured shortly after in Illinois and returned to Seymour. They were also hanged by vigilantes, from the same tree, at the site which became known as Hangman Crossing, Indiana.

On July 27, 1868, the Pinkertons captured William and Simeon Reno in Indianapolis. The men were jailed at the Scott County Jail in Lexington. They were tried and convicted of robbing the Marshfield train, but because of the threat of vigilantes, they were moved to the more secure Floyd County Jail. The day after their removal from Lexington, the vigilantes broke into the vacated jail, hoping to catch and lynch the men.

Frank Reno, the gang's leader, and Charlie Anderson were tracked down to the Canadian border town of Windsor, Ontario. With the help of United States Secretary of State William H. Seward, the men were extradited in October under the provisions of the 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty. Both men were sent to New Albany, Indiana to join the other prisoners.

On the night of December 11, about 65 hooded men travelled by train to New Albany. The men marched four abreast from the station to the Floyd County Jail where, just after midnight, they forced their way into the jail and the sheriff's home. After they beat the sheriff, Thomas Fullenlove, and shot him in the arm for refusing to turn over the keys, his wife surrendered them to the mob. Frank Reno was the first to be dragged from his cell to be lynched. He was followed by brothers William and Simeon. Another gang member, Charlie Anderson, was the fourth and last to be lynched, at around 4:30 AM on December 12. It was rumored that the vigilantes were part of the group known as the Scarlet Mask Society or Jackson County Vigilance Committee. No one was ever charged, named or officially investigated in any of the lynchings. Many local newspapers, such as the New Albany Weekly Ledger, stated that "Judge Lynch" had spoken. Reno Avenue in New Albany is likely named for the gang.

Frank Reno and Charlie Anderson were technically in federal custody when they were lynched. This is believed to be the only time in U.S. history that a federal prisoner had ever been lynched by a mob before a trial. Secretary of State William H. Seward wrote a formal letter of apology as a result. A new bill was later introduced into the U.S. Congress that clarified the responsibility for the safety of extradited prisoners.

The three Reno brothers are buried in the Seymour city cemetery. Treasure hunters have long searched for any trace of their rumoured hoard of loot, but nothing has been found.

Name	Age	Date of Death	Location
Clifton, Theodore Freylinghuysen	24	07/20/68	Hangman Crossing, Indiana
Elliott, Thomas Volney (Val)	22
Roseberry, Charles W.	25
Jerrell, Henry	23	07/25/68
Moore, John J.	21
Sparks, Frank	27
Anderson, Charles	24	12/12/68	New Albany, Indiana
Reno, Frank	31
Reno, Simeon	25
Reno, William Harrison	20

In popular culture

Rage at Dawn is a 1955 Hollywood film based on the Reno brothers' story. It stars Randolph Scott as undercover detective James Barlow. Forrest Tucker, born in Plainfield, Indiana, played Frank Reno.

Elvis Presley's first film was Love Me Tender (1956), where he starred (in his only historical film) as "Honest" Clint Reno.

The Legend of the Reno Brothers, a 2013 documentary film directed by Anthony Susnick and starring Morgan Raque, was released to DVD on December 12, 2013.

Season 14, Episode 4 (2024) of Expedition Unknown, "America's First Train Robbers" looks into the history and lost loot of the gang.

The song "Ballad of a Well-Known Gun" on Elton John's 1970 album Tumbleweed Connection makes reference to the Pinkertons and Reno ("Now I know how Reno felt when he ran from the law.").

References

Funk, p. 102

William Bell (June 12, 2006). "Reno Gang's Reign Of Terror". Wild West magazine, February 2004 (reprinted at historynet.com). Retrieved July 15, 2008.

"The First Known Train Robbery in the U.S. October 6, 1866". Library of Congress (americalibrary.gov). Archived from the original on July 31, 2008. Retrieved July 15, 2008.

Funk, p. 104.

Funk, p. 105.

Funk, p. 106

Funk, Arville L (1983) [1969]. A Sketchbook of Indiana History. Rochester, Indiana: Christian Book Press.

Further reading

"Anarchy in the Heartland" by A. David Distler, 2008, ISBN 978-0-9705297-1-8

A passage titled "From the Pinkertons to the Patriot Act" includes a section titled "The Reno Case".

Reno Gang: History of Jackson County, Indiana Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine by Brant & Fuller, 1886

The Destruction of the Reno Gang: Stories from the Archives of the Pinkerton Detective Agency by Cleveland Moffett, McClure's Magazine, 1895

A Family of Outlaws, by Richard Wilmer Rowan, 1931

Seymour, Indiana and the famous story of the Reno gang: Who terrorized America with the first train robberies in world history by Robert Shields, 1939, Rare, out of print, ASIN: B00089LL7E

Illustrations for Mules Crossing,: A history of the Reno era; the story of the Reno brothers by Robert Shields, 1944, Rare, out of print, ASIN: B0007HS6HU

The Reno Gang of Seymour by Robert Frederick Volland, 1948, Rare, out of print, Library of Congress Control No.: 48021348

The Scarlet Mask, or, The Story of the Notorious Reno Gang by Carl Robert Bogardus, 1960, Rare, out of print, ASIN: B0007I0CF8

The First Train Robbery by Wilgus Wade Hogg, 1977, Rare, out of print, LCCN: 77–73272

The Masked Halters by Edwin J Boley, 1977, Rare, out of print, ASIN: B0006CZCIC

John Reno: The world's first train robber and self proclaimed leader of the infamous Reno Gang, Seymour, Indiana by John Reno, 1879, reprinted with annotations by The Jackson County (Indiana) Historical Society, 1993, ASIN: B0006P2G5G

Tragic Destiny - Demise of the Reno Gang by Loren W Noblitt, The Jackson County (Indiana) Historical Society, 2000

The Reno story : the world's first train robbers, the facts—the fictions—the legends by John M Lewis, III, 2003, Graessle-Mercer, ASIN: B0006P7AXO

Site about Hangman's Crossing Production's new documentary The Legend of the Reno Brothers Archived 2014-01-03 at the Wayback Machine

True West Magazine article on the Reno Gang Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine

William Bell article on the Historynet website

Reno Gang article on Legends of America website

UK Website about Frank Reno

Indiana Folklore: A Reader, p. 93: Hangman's Crossing

History Channel's This Day in History: October 6 1866

Highwaymen of the Railroad by William A Pinkerton 1893

Lane Public Library: Hamilton Co., OH News-Journal Articles on Reno Gang Archived 2010-11-24 at the Wayback Machine

Reno Gang Steals $23,000 from Daviess County, Gallatin, Daviess County (MO) Historical Society

New York Times Archive

July 25, 1868, "THE SEYMOUR THIEVES; Further Particulars of the Lynching"

July 31, 1868, "THE SEYMOUR THIEVES; The Last Act of the Vigilance Committee-Threats of Retaliation"

August 12, 1868, "The Re-Arrest of Frank Reno and Confederate at Windsor"

August 17, 1868, "EXPRESS ROBBERIES"

August 22, 1868, "THE ADAMS EXPRESS ROBBERY.; Reno and Anderson Discharged at Windsor, and Rearrested on Another Charge."

August 26, 1868, "THE EXPRESS ROBBERIES.; A Statement by the Lawyer of the Accused Parties"

September 13, 1868, "The Adams Express Robbery Investigation in Canada"

October 7, 1868, "The Reno-Anderson Case in Toronto"

October 16, 1868, "Attempt of Reno and Anderson to Break Jail at Windsor, Canada"

December 17, 1868, "The Indiana Express Robbers--Reno Confessed his Guilt"

December 19, 1868, "The Indiana Lynching and the Extradition Treaty"

December 21, 1868, "THE NEW-ALBANY TRAGEDY.; Verdict of the Coroner's Jury--Something More About the Renos"

December 22, 1868, "CANADA.; Affairs at Toronto--The Legislature--The Provincial Finances--Resignation of the Superintendent of Education--Reno and Anderson"

December 26, 1868, "NEW-ALBANY, INDIANA.; Proclamation of the Vigliance Committee--A Warning to Thieves"

January 2, 1869 "INDIANA.; The Vigilance Committee Excitement in Southern Indiana--The Regulators Defy the Authorities"

January 9, 1869 "The Seymour Express Robbery--The Chicago Board of Trade"

August 5, 1869 "ALLAN PINKERTON.; An Alleged Conspiracy Agained the Detective's Life--Examination of the Accused Parties"

October 19, 1869 "..An Absolute State of Barbarism"

September 14, 1872 "FORRESTER'S CASE.; "Detective" Samuel Felcker in a New Role-A Reminiscence of the Reno Brothers"