Edward Joseph Leonski
(December 12, 1917 – November 9, 1942) was an American soldier and serial killer responsible for the strangling
murders of three women in Melbourne,
Australia. Leonski was known as the Brownout
Strangler, given Melbourne's
wartime status of keeping low lighting (not as stringent as a wartime
blackout). His self-confessed motive for the killings was a twisted fascination
with female voices, especially when they were singing, and his claim that he
killed the women to "get at their
voices."
Leonski is the first and only citizen of another country to
have been tried and sentenced to death in Australia
under the law of his own country.
Early life
The sixth child of Russian-born
parents John Leonski, laborer, and
his wife Amelia, née Harkavitz, in Kenvil, New Jersey, Leonski grew up in
an abusive, alcoholic family. One of his brothers was committed to a mental
institution. According to a psychologist who interviewed Leonski during his
trial, his mother had been overprotective and controlling. Leonski had been
bullied by other neighborhood kids and called a mama's boy. Accordingly, the
psychologist ruled that Leonski's crimes were born of his resentment and hatred
of his mother and thus constituted "symbolic
matricide."
Leonski worked for a time as a delivery boy. He was called up for the U.S. Army in February 1941 and arrived in Melbourne, Australia, on February 2, 1942, after the United States had entered World War II.
Murders
On May 3, 1942, Ivy
Violet McLeod, 40, was found dead in Albert
Park, Melbourne. She had been beaten and strangled, and because she was
found to be in possession of her purse it was evident that robbery was not the
motive. Six days later 31-year-old Pauline Thompson was strangled after a
night out. She was last seen in the company of a young man who was described as
having an American accent.
Gladys Hosking,
40, was the next victim, murdered on May 18 while walking home from work at the
Chemistry Library at Melbourne University. A witness said
that, on the night of the killing, a disheveled American man had approached her asking for directions, seemingly
out of breath and covered with mud. This description matched the individual
Thompson was seen with on the night of her murder, as well as the descriptions are given by several women who had survived recent attacks. These survivors and other witnesses were able
to pick 24-year-old Leonski out of a line-up of American servicemen who were stationed in Melbourne. Leonski, a private in the 52nd Signal Battalion, was arrested and charged with three murders.
Trial and execution
Although Leonski's crimes were committed on Australian soil, the trial was conducted
under American military law. Leonski
confessed to the crimes and was convicted and sentenced to death at a general
court-martial on July 17, 1942. American
General Douglas MacArthur, confirmed the sentence on October 14, and a Board of Review upheld the findings and
sentence on October 28. General
Court-Martial Order 1 promulgated Leonski's death sentence on November 1.
In a departure from normal procedure, on November 4, MacArthur personally
signed the order of execution (in subsequent executions this administrative task
was entrusted to MacArthur's Chief of
Staff, Richard Sutherland). Leonski was hanged at Pentridge Prison on November 9.
Leonski's defense attorney, former Colorado lawyer Lieutenant
Ira C. Rothgerber, Jr. (1913–1992), attempted to win an external review,
even from the U.S. Supreme Court,
but was unable to do so. He kept the issue alive after the war, and Leonski's
case contributed to the development of the Uniform
Code of Military Justice (UCMJ).
Leonski was temporarily interred at several cemeteries in Australia. His remains were eventually permanently
interred in Section 9, Row B, Site 8
at Schofield Barracks Post Cemetery
on the island of O'ahu, Hawaii. His grave is located in a section of the facility
reserved for prisoners who died in military custody.
Fictional portrayals
The 1986 film Death of
a Soldier is based on Leonski, who was played by American actor Reb Brown.
Media
The 2015 television program Inside the Mind of a Serial Killer (series one, episode one) focused
on Leonski.
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