The Wineville Chicken
Coop murders—also known as the Wineville
Chicken murders—were a series of abductions and murders of young boys that
occurred in the city of Los Angeles
and in Riverside County, California between
1926 and 1928. The case received national attention.
Murders
Gordon Stewart
Northcott was born in Bladworth,
Saskatchewan and raised in British
Columbia. He moved to Los Angeles
with his parents in 1924. In 1926, Northcott (age 19) asked his father to
purchase a plot of land in Wineville,
California, where he built a chicken ranch and a house with the help of his
father (who was in the construction business) and his nephew, Sanford Clark. It was this pretext that
Northcott used to bring Clark from Bladworth
to the U.S. (with the permission of
the boy's parents). After arriving at his Wineville,
California farm (located in present-day Jurupa Valley), Northcott began to beat and sexually abuse Clark.
In August 1928, Sanford's older sister, 19-year-old Jessie Clark, visited Sanford, who was
15 at the time, in Wineville. She
was concerned about his welfare. At that time, Sanford told her that he feared
for his life. One night while Northcott was asleep, Jessie learned from Sanford
that Northcott had killed four boys at his ranch. Jessie returned to Canada about one week after the
discovery, vowing to somehow rescue her brother.
Once in Canada,
Jessie informed the American consul
there about Northcott's crimes. The American
consul then wrote a letter to the Los
Angeles Police Department, detailing Jessie
Clark's sworn complaint. Because there was initially some concern over an
immigration issue, the Los Angeles
Police Department contacted the United States Immigration Service to
determine facts relative to Jessie's complaint.
On August 31, 1928, two United
States Immigration Service inspectors, Judson F. Shaw and George W. Scallorn visited Northcott's
chicken ranch in Wineville. They
found 15-year-old Sanford Clark at
the ranch and took him into custody.
Northcott had seen the agents driving up the long road to
his ranch. Before fleeing into the treeline, he told Clark to stall the agents,
or else he would shoot him from the treeline with a rifle. During the next two
hours, while Clark stalled, Northcott kept on running. Finally, when Clark felt
that the agents could protect him, he told them that Northcott had fled into
the trees which lined the edge of his chicken ranch property.
Northcott and his mother, Sarah Louise, fled to Canada but were arrested near Vernon, British Columbia on September
19, 1928. Sanford Clark testified at
the sentencing of Sarah Louise Northcott
that his uncle, Gordon Northcott,
had kidnapped, molested, beaten, and killed three young boys with the help of
his mother and Clark himself. Sanford
Clark also testified about the murder of a fourth young man, a Mexican citizen, after which Northcott
had forced Clark to help dispose of the head by burning it in a fire pit and
then crushing the skull.
Northcott stated that he "left
the headless body by the side of the road near Puente because he had no other place to put it."
Sanford Clark
said that quicklime was used to dispose of the remains and that the bodies were
buried on the Wineville chicken
ranch.
Body parts found
Authorities found three shallow graves at Wineville exactly where Clark had
stated they were located. It was found, however, that these graves did not
contain complete bodies, but only parts of bodies. During testimony from both Sanford Clark and his sister Jessie, it
was learned that the bodies had been dug up by Gordon Northcott and his mother, Sarah Louise Northcott, on the evening of August 4, 1928, a few
weeks before Sanford was taken into protective custody. Northcott and his
mother had taken the bodies out to a deserted area, where they were most likely
burned in the night. The complete bodies
were never recovered.
The evidence found in the graves consisted of "51 parts of human anatomy...those
silent bits of evidence, of human bones and blood, have spoken and corroborated
the testimony of living witnesses". This evidence enabled the State of California to conclude that Walter Collins, the two Winslow
brothers, and the fourth victim, a Mexican
citizen had all been murdered.
The body parts that were found, coupled with the testimony
of Sanford Clark, resulted in a
death sentence for Gordon Northcott
and a life sentence for his mother, Sarah
Louise Northcott.
Aftermath
Wineville changed
its name to Mira Loma on November 1,
1930, due in large part to the negative publicity surrounding the murders. The
new city of Eastvale took parts of
the area of Mira Loma in 2010, and
the new city of Jurupa Valley took
parts of Mira Loma in 2011. Wineville
Avenue, Wineville Road, Wineville Park, and other geographic references
provide reminders of the community's former name.
Sanford Clark
returned to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan,
Canada. Records of the city of Saskatoon
indicate that he died on June 20, 1991, and was buried in the Saskatoon Woodlawn Cemetery on August
26, 1993.
Imprisonment and
hanging
Canadian police
arrested Gordon Stewart Northcott
and his mother on September 19, 1928. Due to errors in the extradition paperwork,
they were not returned to Los Angeles
until November 30, 1928.
While Sarah Northcott
and her son, Gordon, was being held in British
Columbia awaiting extradition to California,
Sarah confessed to the murders, including that of nine-year-old Walter Collins. But before being
extradited to California, she
retracted her confession, as did Gordon
Northcott, who had confessed to killing more than five boys.
After Sarah and her son had been extradited from British Columbia to California, she once again confessed
and pleaded guilty to killing Walter
Collins. She was not put on trial; upon her plea of guilty, Superior Court Judge Morton sentenced
her to life imprisonment on December 31, 1928, sparing her the death penalty
because she was a woman. During her sentencing hearing, she claimed that her
son was innocent and made a variety of bizarre claims about his parentage,
including that he was an illegitimate son of an English nobleman, that she was Gordon's grandmother, and that he
was the result of incest between her husband, Cyrus George Northcott, and their daughter. She also stated that as a child, Gordon was
sexually abused by the entire family. She served her sentence at Tehachapi State Prison and was paroled
after less than twelve years. She died
in 1944.
Gordon Northcott
was implicated in the murder of Walter
Collins, but because his mother had already confessed and been sentenced
for it, the state chose to not prosecute Gordon in that murder.
It was speculated that Gordon may have killed as many as 20
boys, but the State of California
could not produce evidence to support that speculation. Ultimately, the state
only brought an indictment against Gordon for the murders of an unidentified
underage Mexican national (known as
the "Headless Mexican") and
the brothers Lewis and Nelson Winslow (aged 12 and 10,
respectively). The brothers had been
reported missing from Pomona on May 16,
1928.
In early 1929, Gordon
Northcott's trial was held before Judge
George R. Freeman in Riverside
County, California. The jury heard that he kidnapped, molested, tortured,
and murdered the Winslow brothers and the "Headless
Mexican" in 1928. On February 8, 1929, the 27-day trial ended with
Gordon being convicted of those murders.
On February 13, 1929, Freeman sentenced him to death and he
was hanged on October 2, 1930, at San
Quentin State Prison. He was 23 years old.
Sanford's older sister, Jessie, became suspicious of the
letters Sanford was forced to send home from Northcott's ranch. These letters
assured the family that Sanford was well.
Jessie traveled to the ranch in Wineville and stayed there for several days. She became terrified
of Northcott, left the ranch, and returned to Canada. There, she told the American
consul about the crimes that had occurred at Wineville.
Sanford was not tried for murder because Assistant District Attorney Loyal C. Kelley
believed very strongly that Sanford was innocent. He said that Sanford had been a victim of
Northcott's death threats and sexual abuse and was not a willing participant in
the crimes committed at the chicken ranch.
Kelley told Sanford that he had secured an entirely unique
settlement of Sanford's legal situation by having him taken to the nearby Whittier State School, where an
experimental program for delinquent youths was underway. He assured Sanford
that the Whittier school was unique because of its compassionate mission of
genuine rehabilitation.
Sanford was sentenced to five years at the Whittier State School (later renamed
the Fred C. Nelles Youth Correctional
Facility). His sentence was later commuted to 23 months because of the
trustees of the school believed that he "had
impressed the Trustees with his temperament, job skills, and his personal desire
to live a productive life during his nearly two years there."
He died in 1991 at the age of 78 and was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
in 1993.
Walter Collins
(September 23, 1918 – Unknown)
Nine-year-old Walter
Collins was abducted (and it was believed the abduction occurred) when he
went to the movies and never came back, on March 10, 1928. He lived in Lincoln Heights, Los Angeles
Initially, his mother, Christine
Collins and the police believed that enemies of Walter Collins, Sr. had abducted Walter. Walter Collins, Sr. had been convicted of eight armed robberies and
was an inmate at Folsom State Prison.
Walter Collins'
disappearance received nationwide attention and the Los Angeles Police Department followed up hundreds of leads without
success. The police faced negative publicity and increasing public pressure to
solve the case.
Five months after Walter's disappearance, a boy claiming to
be Walter was found in DeKalb, Illinois.
Letters and photographs were exchanged before Walter's mother, Christine Collins, eventually paid for
the boy to be brought to Los Angeles.
A public reunion was organized by the police, who hoped to negate the bad publicity they had received for their failure to solve this case and others.
The police also hoped that the uplifting story would deflect attention from a
series of corruption scandals that had sullied the department's reputation. At
the reunion, Christine stated that the boy was not her son. She was told by the
officer in charge of the case, police Captain
J. J. Jones, to take the boy home to "try
him out for a couple of weeks." Christine hesitantly agreed to do this.
Three weeks later, Christine returned to see Captain Jones
and persisted in her claim that the boy was not Walter. Even though she had
dental records proving it, Jones had her committed to the psychiatric ward at Los Angeles County Hospital under a "Code 12" — a term used to
jail or commits someone who was deemed difficult or inconvenient.
During Christine's incarceration, Jones questioned the boy,
who admitted to being 12-year-old Arthur
Hutchens, Jr., a runaway originally from Iowa. A drifter at a
roadside café in Illinois had told
Hutchens of his resemblance to the missing Walter, so Hutchens came up with a
plan to impersonate Walter. His motive was to get to Hollywood so that he could meet his favorite actor, Tom Mix.
Christine was released ten days after Hutchens admitted that
he was not her son. She then filed a
lawsuit against the Los Angeles Police
Department.
On September 13, 1930, Christine won a lawsuit against Jones
and was awarded $10,800 (approximately $154,000 USD in 2014), which Jones never
paid. The last newspaper account of Christine is from 1941 when she attempted
to collect a $15,562 judgment against Captain Jones (who was by then retired)
in the Superior Court.
Christine became hopeful that her son, Walter, might still
be alive after her first interview with Gordon
Stewart Northcott. She asked Northcott if he had killed her son, and after
listening to his repeated lies, confessions, and recantations, she concluded
that Northcott was insane. Because Northcott did not seem to know whether he
had even met Walter, much less killed him, she clung to the hope that Walter
was still alive.
Northcott sent Christine a telegram shortly before his
execution, saying he had lied when he denied that Walter was among his victims.
He promised to tell the truth if she came in person to hear it. Just a few
hours before the execution, Christine visited Northcott. But upon her arrival,
he balked. "I don't want to see
you," he said when she confronted him. "I don't know anything about it. I'm innocent."
A news account said, "The
distraught woman was outraged by Northcott's conduct. . .but was also comforted
by it. Northcott's ambiguous replies and his seeming refusal to remember such
details as Walter's clothing and the color of his eyes gave her continued hope
that her son still lived."
Lewis and Nelson
Winslow
Lewis, aged 12,
and Nelson, aged 10, were the sons
of Mr. Nelson Winslow, Sr. and Mrs. Winslow. The boys were abducted on
May 16, 1928, from Pomona, California
on their way home from a Yacht Club
meeting. Northcott was convicted of kidnapping and killing them.
Mr. Winslow led a lynch mob to the Riverside County Jail, where Northcott was temporarily being held,
with the intent of hanging Northcott after the completion of his trial but
before his sentencing. Police convinced the mob to disband.
Arthur J. Hutchens,
Jr., the imposter
In 1933, Arthur J.
Hutchens, Jr. wrote about how and why he impersonated the missing boy, Walter Collins. Hutchens' biological
mother had died in 1925 when he was nine years old, and he had been living with
his stepmother, Violet Hutchens.
Hutchens pretended to be Walter Collins to get as far away
as possible from his stepmother. After living on the road for a month, he
arrived in DeKalb, Illinois. When
police brought him in, they began to ask him questions about Walter Collins. Initially, he stated
that he did not know about Walter, but changed his story when he saw a chance
of getting to California.
He died of a blood clot in 1954 at the age of 38, leaving
behind a wife and a young daughter, Carol.
In 2008, Carol
Hutchens said, "My dad was full
of adventure. In my mind, he could do no wrong."
Rev. Gustav Briegleb
Briegleb was a Presbyterian
minister and an early radio evangelist. He was the pastor of St. Paul's Presbyterian Church on Jefferson Boulevard at Third Avenue in Los Angeles, California.
He took up many important causes in the City of Los Angeles in the 1920s and 1930s, most notably the poor
handling of the Walter Collins
kidnapping case in 1928. He fought to have Christine
Collins released from a mental hospital after she was committed there in
retaliation for disagreeing with the Los
Angeles Police Department's version of events. He died at the age of 61.
The boy who came
forward
In 1935, five years after Northcott's execution, a boy and
his parents came forward and spoke to authorities. Seven years earlier, the boy
had gone missing, and the parents had reported his disappearance to the police.
At the time of the boy's disappearance, authorities speculated that he might
have been a murder victim at Wineville.
Sanford Clark,
however, he never told authorities that a boy had escaped from the chicken coop.
The historical record and Sanford Clark's
own testimony indicates that only three boys were ever held in the chicken coop.
These were Walter Collins and the
two Winslow brothers, all of whom
were murdered.
Popular culture
The 2008 film Changeling,
starring John Malkovich and Angelina Jolie is partly based on the Wineville Chicken Coop Murders. The film centers around Christine Collins, her struggles against the LAPD, and her search to find Walter.
"The Big
Imposter" — episode #104 of the radio series Dragnet — was based upon these events. It aired on June 7, 1951.
When the series was moved to television, the radio script was made into a
teleplay. It aired on December 4, 1952.
One of the plotlines of American
Horror Story: Hotel centers around the murders.
"Body Farm"
— Episode 12 of Season 3 of the Investigation
Discovery television show Evil Kin
— focuses on the Wineville Chicken Coop
Murders. The episode explores a variety of the case's details, including
early warning signs regarding Northcott's pedophilia, Northcott's abusive
relationship with Sanford, Sanford's rescue by means of Jessie, and Sarah
Louise's obsessive affection for Northcott. It aired on October 6, 2015.
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