On the night of March 2, 1998, Suzanne Lyall (born April 6, 1978), an undergraduate at the State University of New York at Albany,
left her job at the Babbage's in Crossgates Mall in the nearby suburb of Westmere after the store had closed.
She is believed to have taken a city bus from the mall back to the university's
Uptown Campus, where a classmate has
said she saw Lyall get off the bus at Collins
Circle, a short walk from her dorm. No one has seen her since then.
The next morning Lyall was reported missing. That afternoon
her credit card was used at a nearby convenience store's ATM to withdraw $20.
According to her boyfriend, only she and he knew the PIN. He had a verified
alibi for the time of her disappearance, but due to his later refusal to
cooperate with the police they have been unable to completely rule him out as a
suspect. A man who used the ATM around the same time has been ruled out. New York State Police continue to
investigate the case. It has been the subject of an episode of the Investigation Discovery channel's
series Disappeared.
Lyall's parents have become activists on behalf of the
families of other missing persons, founding an organization called the Center for Hope to support those
families. They were present when President
George W. Bush signed "Suzanne's
Law", enacted as part of the PROTECT
Act of 2003, which raised the age at which local police must inform the National Crime Information Center of a
missing person from 18 to 21. Five years later, he also signed into law the Suzanne Lyall Campus Safety Act, part
of the Higher Education Opportunity Act,
based on similar legislation the state passed the year after Suzanne
disappeared, which requires college police departments to have plans for investigating
missing-persons cases and serious crimes on campus. A "Suzanne's
Law" passed by the New York
State Senate several times, but not yet voted on in the State Assembly, would also increase the
penalties for violent crimes on and near educational facilities should it
become law.
Background
Suzanne Lyall was
born in Saratoga Springs, New York,
in 1978, the youngest of Doug and Mary
Lyall's three children. The family lived in nearby Ballston Spa; her two older siblings described her as "the darling of the family", a
quiet girl who would run out of the shower with her hair still wet to write
poetry in her notebook after the inspiration struck her, and was a great fan of
the Canadian power trio Rush. She showed an early interest in
computers, even building some from scratch. After Suzanne graduated from the local high
school with honors in 1996, she first attended the State University of New York at Oneonta for a year, after which she
transferred to SUNY Albany, since
she felt the computer science courses at Oneonta
were not sufficiently challenging.
Transferring to Albany
brought her closer not only to her home but to her boyfriend Richard Condon, a fellow student
several years her senior, whom she had started dating when they were both still
in high school. He shared Suzanne's interest in computers; the two frequently
chatted back and forth and he had set up her computer so he could access it
from his. She supplemented her studies,
and earned some income, through two jobs off-campus. One was at a computer company
in Troy, the other at a Babbage's store in the Crossgates Mall, 2 miles (3.2 km) west
of campus in the suburb of Westmere.
Suzanne called or emailed her parents, and/or Condon, almost
daily. Mary Lyall recalls that the
last time she actually spoke to her daughter, on March 1, 1998, Suzanne had
complained about being low on cash and waiting for her next paycheck. However,
she declined her mother's offer to lend her some money in the interim.
Disappearance
In late February 1998, Suzanne's manager at Babbage's recalled that she had been
stressed about an upcoming midterm exam, which she said she needed not only to
pass but excel on. She took it the morning of March 2 and attended other
classes until 4 p.m. After that, she went from the school's North Campus, where she lived in the Colonial Quad dorm, to her job at Babbage's. According to her manager,
she felt she had "done OK"
on the exam and was somewhat subdued. She worked there until the store closed at 9
p.m., then got on to a Capital District
Transportation Authority bus back to campus around 9:20 p.m. The driver, who regularly worked that route,
confirmed later that he had seen her board his bus.
However, he was not certain that he had seen her get off at
the Collins Circle stop on campus, a
short walk from her dorm. He could only say with certainty that she was not on
the bus when he reached the end of the route downtown. A friend of Suzanne's says she saw her get off
the bus there, though. It was approximately 9:45 p.m. She has never been seen
again.
Investigation
The next morning, March 3, Condon, who attended a different
college in the Albany area, called Doug
and Mary Lyall to tell them Suzanne had not returned to her dorm the night
before and was nowhere else to be found. She usually phoned or emailed him
after returning from work and had not answered his calls to her dorm room. They called the campus police to formally
report her missing, and were told that brief absences were not uncommon for
college students, so they should not worry as it was likely that she would soon
reappear.
But the Lyalls nevertheless did worry, as this behavior was
unlike their daughter. "Suzie was
not a risk-taker", her father said. "She didn't party or use alcohol or drugs". An officer who went to her next scheduled
class did not see her. Her suitemates
said that Suzanne had never returned to her room on the night of March 2, as
they never heard her keys and fobs jingling as they always did whenever she
returned.
The Lyalls also called Suzanne's bank, who contacted them
later that day to inform them that their daughter's debit card had been used to
withdraw $20 from an ATM at a Stewart's
Shops convenience store in Albany at
approximately 4 p.m. Two days later, a
delay Doug Lyall later criticized,
the campus police agreed after Suzanne missed another midterm, as well as her
other scheduled classes, that her disappearance was not a typical case of a
missing undergraduate and called in the state police for assistance. The Lyalls and SUNY Albany put up a $15,000 reward for information that would
resolve the case. Fliers with Suzanne's picture were posted all over campus and
nearby.
ATM withdrawals
In the first two weeks of the investigation, police looked
into 270 leads and searched 300 acres (120 ha) near Collins Circle, including the wooded area and Rensselaer Lake in the eastern end of the Albany Pine Bush just across Interstate
90 from that part of the campus. The ATM withdrawal drew particular
attention. The Stewart's where it
was located had a security camera but it focused on the area around the cashier
and did not show the ATM, so it could not be determined who was using it at
that time. However, a man who might likely have been using it around that time,
identified publicly by the Nike baseball
cap he was wearing, was sought as a possible witness or person of interest.
Whoever had used the card knew the correct PIN. Condon said
that only he and Suzanne knew it. She also always withdrew exactly $20 anytime
she went to the ATM, according to her parents.
Yet her parents said that Stewart's, at the intersection
of Central Avenue and Manning
Boulevard 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of the campus, was not in a part of
the city where she would ever have gone. The clerk on duty at the time did not
recognize her. Police eventually located the man with the Nike cap, and came to believe he had nothing to do with the case,
although they could not completely exclude him.
The bank also told the Lyalls and police that their records
showed that Suzanne's card was used to make two withdrawals from different ATMs
on the day she disappeared. One had been in the morning at a machine near the Collins Circle bus stop, the other was
in the mall at about the time she would have arrived there for work. Both had
been for $20, so it seemed likely that she had made them. But Mary Lyall could not imagine why her
daughter would have made two withdrawals in one day.
Suspicions of foul
play
Investigators pondered a connection to a similar
disappearance of another SUNY Albany
undergraduate, Karen Wilson, who
likewise had been last seen getting off a public bus 1 mile (1.6 km) away from
campus almost 13 years before Suzanne, in March 1985. An intensive search at
that time had yielded no evidence, and her case, too, remains unsolved as of
2018. A convicted rapist who had violated parole and left the area around the
time Suzanne disappeared was briefly considered a suspect, but police
interviewed him after he was returned to New
York from Illinois and excluded
him.
Based on the bus driver's uncertainty as to whether Suzanne
had indeed disembarked at Collins Circle,
police also began considering the possibility that she might never have
returned to campus that night. Some investigators even theorized that she might
not even have gotten on the bus at all. In May, her Babbage's name tag was found about 90 feet (27 m) away from the bus
stop, in the parking lot, opposite from the direction she would have walked if
returning to her dorm. But it could not be determined how long it had been
there, and police could recover no forensic evidence from it.
Another possibility came from a coworker of Suzanne's at the
store. She told investigators that Suzanne had told her about a month before
she disappeared that she believed she was being stalked by someone she did not
know. However, the coworker also said Suzanne did not appear to be afraid of
this person.
Police have never been able entirely to rule out Condon,
Suzanne's boyfriend, as a suspect in the disappearance. Mary Lyall later told CBS
News that her daughter had on several occasions tried to end the
relationship, but after Condon became emotional she would stay with him. After
the disappearance, he told police that Suzanne was his fiancée, a development in
their relationship the Lyalls said Suzanne, who called or emailed them almost
daily, had not informed them of.
Two weeks before Suzanne disappeared, Mary recalled, she and
her daughter had been on a trip to see her own mother when Suzanne asked if they
could stop at Condon's house, which was along their way. Suzanne said she
wanted to give Condon a Valentine's Day
card. While nothing unusual happened during the brief stop, Mary said in 2012,
she wondered if her daughter had in fact given Condon a "Dear John letter" ending the relationship. Due to the
increased tension she seemed to see in her daughter's life, she began wondering
if Suzanne might have become involved with someone else; police have never found
any evidence that she was.
Condon had an alibi for the time Suzanne disappeared: he was
playing video games with a friend, and the friend confirmed this when asked by
police. But after his initial
conversations with police, Condon refused to take a lie detector test and told
them he would be interviewed again only if his lawyer was present. He refused
to answer questions from the media about the case in later years; his mother
told CBS in 2010 that he had married
and moved on with his life.
In 2005 a man named John
Regan, who was facing trial for a 1993 kidnapping in Connecticut, was arrested after trying to abduct a female student
at Saratoga Springs High School by
pulling her into his van from the street near the school. Since Saratoga Springs is a short distance
from Ballston Spa, the Lyalls'
hometown, police and the family wondered if he might have been responsible for
Suzanne's disappearance. Even after Regan was convicted of the attempted
kidnapping in Saratoga, however, he
refused to discuss the Lyall case with investigators.
Later efforts
The case remains open, and the state police continue to
follow up on any leads that come in. In
2012 the Investigation Discovery
cable channel devoted an episode of Disappeared,
its series on missing person cases, to Suzanne's disappearance. "Her story struck us as
compelling", executive producer Elizabeth
Fischer said. "This is the story
of a wholesome life of a college student who vanished".
Doug Lyall died
in 2015; his wife continues both their activism and their search. Over the
years, 75 psychics have contacted the Lyalls with tips. Many of them have
involved water, suggesting that Suzanne is dead and her body has been submerged
somewhere. While Mary Lyall has
dismissed them, noting that there are so many bodies of water in the Capital District as to make that
information too vague to be useful, she nevertheless told Schenectady's Daily Gazette in 2016 that she has persistently
experienced "an odd feeling"
any time she has driven across the Crescent
Bridge, along U.S. Route 9 over
the Mohawk River, between Albany and Ballston Spa. In June of
that year, a reporter from the newspaper went along with her as a local firm
that does high-tech mapping applied its technology to the river's bottom in
that area; it has not been reported whether anything significant was found.
Parents' activism
Within a year of their daughter's disappearance, Doug and Mary Lyall had begun lobbying
for changes in New York law to
address what they saw as shortcomings of the original investigation. From a
victims' support group, they learned of a California couple who had
successfully lobbied legislators to make similar changes after their daughter
had gone missing in 1996 from a college campus in that state. They reached out
to state legislators, who sponsored a bill, formally known as the Campus Safety Act but referred to as "Suzanne's Law", that required
colleges and universities in the state to have detailed plans for the
investigation of violent felonies and missing persons cases that occurred on
campus, as well as reporting the latter promptly to the state. It passed, and
on April 6, 1999, Suzanne's 21st birthday, Governor
George Pataki signed it into law, with institutions of higher learning required
to be in compliance by the beginning of 2000.
The Lyalls then focused their efforts on getting federal law
changed to increase the age at which local police must report missing persons
to the National Crime Information Center
from 17 to 21. In 2003, President George W. Bush signed into
law the PROTECT Act of 2003, an
omnibus bill of measures meant to protect children from various types of harm,
in which had been included another "Suzanne's
Law", making that change. It also allowed police departments to report
those cases to the National Center for
Missing and Exploited Children as well, from which they could receive
additional services like flyer and poster creation as well as age progression
technology applied to images of the missing.
That same year the Lyalls were attending a conference at
which other families of missing persons spoke. They were particularly struck by
one woman's speech, and when they talked to her afterwards she told them "I could have lain in bed with a cover
over my head for years but I decided to really get out there and talk about
this". The couple decided to follow that example. Mary Lyall began speaking publicly about her experience, and she
and Doug founded the Center for Hope,
which in addition to disseminating information about missing persons and
educating law enforcement about its increased responsibilities under the new
laws provides support to the families of the missing.
The Lyalls continued their lobbying efforts, which in 2008
resulted in another federal law named for their daughter. The Suzanne Lyall Campus Safety Act enacted
nationwide provisions similar to those in the 1999 New York state law. It also required that colleges and
universities have in place policies that clearly delineate the role of campus,
local and state police agencies in investigating a violent crime or
disappearance on campus, in order to reduce the sort of "confusion and delays" that the Lyalls believed had
hindered the investigation of Suzanne's disappearance during the days
immediately afterward. Like the 2003
legislation, it was passed by being incorporated into a larger, related bill,
the Higher Education Opportunity Act.
Another "Suzanne's
Law" in the state legislature has not yet passed. State senator James Tedisco has, since he was a member of the Assembly in 1999, introduced a bill
that would increase penalties for violent felonies that are committed on the
premises of, or within 1,000 feet (300 m) of, any educational facility in the
state, from day care centers to colleges. Companion bills in the State Senate, introduced by then-majority leader Joseph Bruno,
passed that house every session until 2007, but Tedisco's bill never reached
the floor of the Assembly even when
he was that body's minority leader. He continues to work for the bill's
passage.
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