The Michigan Murders
was a series of highly publicized killings of young women committed between
1967 and 1969 in the Ann Arbor/Ypsilanti
area of Southeastern Michigan by an
an individual known as the Ypsilanti Ripper,
the Michigan Murderer, and the Co-Ed Killer.
All the victims of the Michigan
Murderer were young women between the ages of 13 and 21 who were abducted,
raped, beaten and murdered—typically by stabbing or strangulation—with their
bodies occasionally mutilated after death before being discarded within a
15-mile radius of Washtenaw County.
The perpetrator, John Norman Chapman
(then known as John Norman Collins)
was arrested one week after the final murder. He was sentenced to life
imprisonment for this final murder attributed to the Michigan Murderer on August 19, 1970, and is currently incarcerated
at Marquette Branch Prison.
Although never tried for the remaining five murders
attributed to the Michigan Murderer,
or the murder of a sixth girl killed in California
whose death has been linked to the series, investigators believe Chapman to be
responsible for all seven murders linked to the same perpetrator.
Murders
First known victim
The first known victim linked to the Michigan Murderer was a 19-year-old Eastern Michigan University accounting student named Mary Terese Fleszar, who was last seen
alive on the evening of July 9, 1967, by a neighbor walking towards her Ypsilanti apartment. This neighbor
twice observed a young man in a blue-grey Chevrolet
slow to a halt beside Fleszar and begins talking to her: each time, Fleszar had
shaken her head and walked away from the car.
Her nude body was found by two 15-year-old boys on an abandoned farm at Superior Township on August 7, and was
formally identified via dental records the following day.
The corpse was badly decomposed, although the pathologist
who examined Fleszar's remains was able to determine she had been stabbed
approximately 30 times in the chest and abdomen with a knife or other sharp
object, that her feet had been severed just above the ankle, the thumb and
sections of the fingers of one hand were missing, and that one forearm had been
severed from her body (these severed appendages were never found). Despite the
advanced state of decomposition, the pathologist was also able to locate
multiple lineal abrasions upon the victim's chest and torso, indicating that
Fleszar had been extensively beaten before her death. Although police theorized
that Fleszar had been raped, the advanced state of decomposition of the corpse
had erased any conclusive evidence of sexual assault.
A detailed examination of the crime scene revealed that the
body had been moved three times throughout the month it had lain
undiscovered: initially, the body had
lain upon a pile of bottles and cans obscured from view by elder trees, before
being dragged five feet from this location into a field, where it had remained
exposed throughout much of the time it had lain undiscovered. Shortly before
the body was discovered, the murderer had again returned to the body and moved
the body a further three feet.
Two days after the remains had been identified as those of Mary Fleszar, a young man claiming to
be a friend of the Fleszar family arrived at the funeral home holding Fleszar's
body prior to her scheduled burial. This individual had asked for permission to
take a photograph of the body as it lay in the coffin as a keepsake for her
parents. When informed his request was impossible, the young man had replied: "You mean you can't fix her up enough
so I could just get one picture of her?" Sternly informed a second time he would not
be allowed to view the body, the young man had wordlessly exited the funeral
home.
The receptionist could not offer any clear description of
the man beyond that he was a handsome young white male with dark hair, that he
had driven a blue-grey Chevrolet, and
that he had not been carrying a camera.
Subsequent murders
Almost one year later, on July 5, 1968, the partially
decomposed, mutilated body of a 20-year-old art student named Joan Elspeth Schell was found by construction
workers on an Ann Arbor roadside.
She had been raped and then stabbed 25 times with a knife estimated to have
measured four inches in length. Several of these wounds had punctured her
lungs, liver, and carotid artery, with one additional wound inflicted behind her
left ear fracturing her skull. In
addition, her throat had been slashed, and her miniskirt then tied around her
neck. Although Schell had been dead for
several days, her entire lower body was in a remarkably preserved condition,
whereas her head, shoulders and breasts were in an advanced state of
decomposition, leading the pathologist to conclude her body had been stored in
a naturally cool environment, but with the upper third of her body exposed to
natural heat.
The lack of blood beneath or near the corpse, plus the
testimony of eyewitnesses led investigators to determine Schell's body had
lain in its present location for less than 24 hours. Her murderer had likely
driven to the location to dispose of her body, before making rudimentary
efforts to conceal the body with clumps of grass. In addition, the "outstanding similarities"
between the wounds inflicted upon her body and those inflicted upon Fleszar the
previous year led investigators to establish a definite connection between both
murders and four detectives were assigned to work full-time on both cases.
Schell hailed from Plymouth
and had recently moved into a house on Emmet
Street in Ypsilanti; she was
last seen by her roommate, Susan Kolbe,
at a Washtenaw Avenue bus stop on the
evening of June 30. Schell had intended to travel to Ann Arbor to visit her boyfriend, and her roommate had accompanied
her to the bus stop. Kolbe later
informed investigators that Schell had informed her of her intentions to
hitchhike when it became apparent she had missed the last bus, and that one of
the first vehicles to pass when Schell had begun hitchhiking was a
red-and-black Pontiac Bonneville
containing three young white men. This vehicle had slowed to a stop before the
driver had asked her, "Want a
ride?" The driver had been aged around 20 with short, dark,
side-parted hair.
Kolbe later stated she had attempted to dissuade Schell from
entering this vehicle, but that Schell had opted to accept the driver's offer,
promising to call her roommate to assure her of her safety once she reached her
boyfriend's Ann Arbor residence.
Less than three hours later, Kolbe reported her roommate missing after failing
to receive any contact.
Despite tracing and eliminating more than 150 registered
owners of red-and-black vehicles in the state of Michigan, and establishing the alibis of numerous individuals whose
physical features bore a likeness to the composite drawing of the driver the
police had obtained from Kolbe, all investigative lines of inquiry into the murder
of Joan Schell failed to bear
fruition. On August 18, investigators announced that all significant leads had
been exhausted, and that the number of officers assigned to investigate the
case had been reduced. Nonetheless, the
inquiry into both murders remained active, and a reward then-totaling $7,800
for information leading to the conviction of the perpetrator of both homicides
remained.
Two months after Schell's murder, police inquiries produced
two further eyewitnesses who stated they had observed Schell walking with a
young man along Emmet Street on the
evening she disappeared. Although neither eyewitness was certain, both believed
this student to be John Norman Collins:
a student at Eastern Michigan University
majoring in elementary education, who lived directly across the street from
Schell at 619 Emmet, and whose
physical features bore a likeness to the composite drawing police had generated
of the driver of the vehicle, Schell had entered.
Questioned by police, Collins flatly denied even knowing
Schell, and insisted he had spent the weekend of June 29–30 with his mother at
her house in the Detroit suburb of Center Line, and had not returned to Ypsilanti until the morning of July 1.
Initially, the police took him at his word and did not seek to verify his alibi.
Spring 1969
On March 20, 1969, a 23-year-old University of Michigan law student named Jane Louise Mixer disappeared after posting a note on a college
bulletin board seeking a lift across the state to her hometown of Muskegon, where she had intended to
inform her family of her engagement and imminent move to New York City. Her fully clothed body, covered with her own
raincoat and with a copy of the novel Catch-22
placed by her side, was found the following morning atop a grave in Denton Cemetery in Van Buren Township. An autopsy revealed Mixer had been shot twice
in the head with a .22-caliber pistol, then garroted with a nylon stocking
which, the pathologist noted, had not belonged to her. The pathologist also stated that Mixer had not
been sexually assaulted, that death had occurred at approximately 3 a.m. on
March 21, and that she had not been killed at the location where her body had
been discovered.
Despite the fact Mixer had not been subjected to a sexual
assault, the fact her tights had been lowered to expose her thighs and sanitary
napkin suggested a sexual motive behind the murder, and although the victim had
not been beaten, stabbed or mutilated, her student status, the tying of a
garment around her neck and the proximity of her abduction and murder led
investigators to tentatively link her murder to those of Fleszar and Schell.
Four days after the discovery of Mixer's body, on March 25,
a surveyor discovered the nude, mutilated body of a teenage girl behind a
a vacant house on a remote, rural section of Earhart
Road, just a few hundred yards from where the body of Joan Schell had been discovered eight months previously. Investigators called to the crime scene noted
a dramatic increase in the savagery exhibited against the victim, with one
investigator describing the injuries inflicted upon the victim as being the
worst he had seen in 30 years of police work. A subsequent autopsy revealed the victim had
died of numerous fractures covering one-third of her skull and one side of her
face, all of which had been inflicted with a heavy blunt instrument.
These injuries had been inflicted after the victim had been
extensively beaten and tortured: her killer had placed a section of her own
shirt into her trachea to muffle her screams as she received extensive blunt
force trauma to the face, head, and body, including several deep lacerations
believed to have been inflicted with a leather strap. Welt marks upon the chest
and shoulders indicated the killer had also used restraints to hold the victim
prone as he whipped her torso and upper legs with a leather belt before tearing
a branch from a nearby tree and inserting this instrument eight inches into her
vagina. Blood spatterings and churned
soil close to the crime scene indicated she had been beaten close to where her
body was discovered, and that she may have attempted to escape her attacker.
The victim was identified as a 16-year-old Romulus high school student named Maralynn Skelton, who had disappeared
while hitchhiking in Ann Arbor. She
was last seen alive outside a drive-in restaurant on Washtenaw Avenue two days before her body was discovered (although
autopsy reports indicated Skelton had died between 24 and 36 hours before her
body was discovered). Investigators noted strong similarities between this
murder and previous killings attributed to the Michigan Murderer, including the fact that a garter belt had been
tied around Skelton's neck and her clothes and shoes had been neatly placed
beside her body. However, the dramatic
increase in savagery exhibited against the victim and the fact that Skelton was
a known drug user and dealer as opposed to a university student-led some junior
investigators to speculate her murder may have been drug-related. Nonetheless, Ann Arbor Police Chief Walter Krasny formally linked Skelton's
murder to the series.
Formation of
coordinated task force
Following the March 24 murder of Maralynn Skelton, police from the five separate jurisdictions where
the murderer had abducted or disposed of the bodies of his victims formally
combined resources in an effort to compare information and identify the
perpetrator. Although investigators had informally exchanged information with
agencies from other jurisdictions on an irregular basis since the previous
summer, no coordination to combine efforts and resources had ensued until the
discovery of the third victim definitely linked to the series. By early April, each of these law enforcement
agencies had collectively assigned 20 investigators to work exclusively upon
the four homicides.
Little physical evidence existed beyond eyewitness
descriptions and forensic reports. Police had noted (and would continue to note) common denominators in the physical
characteristics of the victims, and the manner in which they died: all of the
victims had been brunette Caucasians; each (excluding Mixer) had been the
recipient of extensive violence inflicted with a blunt and/or bladed instrument
prior to her murder; each of the victims' bodies had been found within a
15-mile radius of Washtenaw County;
and each victim (excluding Mixer) had received knife wounds to the neck.
Furthermore, each victim had been found with an item of clothing tied around
her neck, and each woman had been menstruating at the time of her death. These
factors led police to publicly conclude the same perpetrator was responsible
for at least three of the murders thus far committed.
Fifth and sixth
murders
At 6:30 a.m. on April 16, the body of a 13-year-old
schoolgirl named Dawn Louise Basom
was found discarded beside a desolate road in Ypsilanti. Clothed only in a white blouse and bra, which had been
pushed around her neck, she had been repeatedly stabbed in the chest and
genitals had received multiple slash wounds across the breasts, buttocks and
stomach, then strangled to death with a two-foot length electrical flex still
knotted around her neck. A handkerchief
found stuffed in her mouth had likely been placed there to muffle her cries
throughout her torture, and her murderer had placed her body in a location
where rapid discovery was assured.
Investigators found no definite evidence Basom had been
subjected to a sexual assault prior to her murder.
Basom had last been seen alive at 7:30 p.m. the previous
evening, walking home from a friend's house located barely a mile from her own
home. She had been accompanied part of the way by a
friend named Earl Kidd, who informed
police he and Basom had parted company at a desolate road just five blocks from
her home, where Basom had begun walking alone alongside railroad tracks toward her
home. One eyewitness reported seeing the girl minutes thereafter, at
approximately 7:35, although her movements thereafter were never verified.
The orange mohair sweater belonging to Basom was found in a
deserted farmhouse just 100 yards from the desolate road on which her body had
been placed after her murder. Glass particles found within this basement were
of a similar consistency to those found upon the soles of Basom's shoes. Upon
conducting a search of the basement of this farmhouse, investigators discovered
a further garment of her clothing, a length of electrical flex of the same type
used to strangle the victim, and fresh human bloodstains, indicating this
location as being the site of Basom's murder.
One week after the murder of Dawn Basom, a detective conducting a routine examination of this
farmhouse basement discovered a scrap of cloth from Basom's blouse, plus an
earring later determined to belong to Maralynn
Skelton. Each item had been deliberately placed in this location,
indicating that the murderer had returned to the scene of the crime and that
the two homicides were definitely linked. (The farmhouse itself was destroyed in an act
of arson on May 13; when the fire was extinguished, five clipped lilacs were
found arranged in an even row across the driveway to the building, leading
investigators to theorize they had been placed there by the murderer to
symbolize each victim.)
Less than two months after the murder of Basom, on June 9,
three teenage boys discovered a partially nude body of a young woman in a field
close to an abandoned farmhouse on North
Territorial Road. The victim had received multiple slash and stab wounds to
the body (including two stab wounds which had pierced her heart), and a gunshot
wound to the forehead before her neck had been cut through to the spine. The
victim's right thumb had also received a gunshot wound, suggesting the woman
had instinctively raised her hand to protect herself before her killer had
fired the gun at point-blank range. She
had also been raped, although the pathologist was unable to determine whether
this activity had occurred before or after death. Sections of her clothing were scattered around
her body, although one of her shoes was missing.
The victim was identified the following day as a 21-year-old
University of Michigan graduate
student named Alice Elizabeth Kalom,
who had disappeared shortly after midnight on the morning of June 8? She was last seen walking home towards her
apartment on Thompson Street, having
attended a friend's party. The discovery of several dried bloodstains and two
buttons missing from the victim's raincoat at a Northfield Township commercial gravel pit on June 10 indicated the
victim had been murdered at this location. Investigators had publicly claimed prior to
Kalom's murder they were satisfied that the third victim initially linked to
the Michigan Murderer, Jane Mixer,
had been killed by a separate perpetrator; the fact Kalom had also received a
gunshot wound to the head led investigators to reconsider the possibility Mixer
may have been murdered by the same perpetrator.
Public unrest
By the spring of 1969, public outcry regarding the murders
committed by the individual dubbed by the press as the Michigan Murderer and the Co-Ed
Killer was increasing, particularly among the student population of Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti. The increase in frequency in which the killer was
striking throughout the spring and summer of 1969—coupled with the fact most
victims had been connected to the University
of Michigan or Eastern Michigan University,
suggesting the killer may be a fellow student—further compounded the concerns
of female students. Many female students
opted to arm themselves with knives, with others adopting a "buddy system" whereby they
would refuse to walk anywhere unless in the company of a trusted male friend or
at least three other girls. Sales of tear gas, knives, and security locks
increased, hitchhiking became a rarity among students, and the reward offered
for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the murderer increased
to $42,000.
By July 1969, as a result of the coordinated investigation
into the killings, more than 1,000 convicted sex offenders had been
investigated and eliminated as suspects; over 800 tips from informants had been
actively investigated, and several thousand individuals routinely interviewed.
Although Washtenaw County Sheriff
Douglas Harvey conceded at a press conference that same month that
investigators had little physical evidence to act upon and that the perpetrator
had yet to make a serious error, he was adamant the fact the murderer was still
at large was due to pure luck, and not for lack of police effort.
At the request of an Ann
Arbor citizen's community, a Dutch
psychic named Peter Hurkos traveled
to Washtenaw County on July 21, to
generate a psychic profile of the murderer. Hurkos accurately predicted that
the murderer was a strongly built white male under 25 years of age, who had
been born outside the United States,
and who rode a motorcycle. Having led investigators to the precise
location where each of the victims' bodies had been discovered, Hurkos also
revealed details of the murders to investigators which had not been released to
the press. Although this information
proved to be of little help throughout the actual manhunt, Hurkos also
predicted that this individual would shortly strike one final time.
Final murder
The final murder attributed to the killer was that of
18-year-old Karen Sue Beineman, an Eastern Michigan University student who
was last seen alive on July 23, 1969. She was reported missing by her roommate,
Sherri Green, when she failed to
return to her dormitory after curfew. Upon questioning both of Beineman's roommates,
police were informed that she (Beineman) had last been seen shortly after noon
on her way to a downtown wig shop.
Three days after the disappearance of Beineman, her nude
body was discovered face-down in a wooded gully alongside the Huron River parkway. A medical
examination revealed Beineman had been extensively beaten about the face and body,
with some lacerations inflicted being so severe sections of skin had been
removed, exposing subcutaneous tissues. She had received extensive skull and
brain injuries which had been inflicted with a blunt instrument, had been
forced to ingest a caustic substance, and her neck, shoulders, nipples, and
breasts had been burned with the same caustic agent. As had been the case with previous victims,
her killer had placed a section of cloth in her throat to muffle her screams
throughout her torture.
Beineman had died of strangulation, although the pathologist
noted the blunt force injuries inflicted to her skull and brain had been so
extensive they would likely have proven fatal. (The blunt instrument used to inflict these
injuries to Beineman's skull and brain was never found.)
The forensic examination of Beineman's body further revealed
she had been raped prior to her murder, and that her torn panties had been
forcefully placed inside her vagina; these panties revealed the presence of
human semen and 509 human hair clippings measuring less than three-eighths of
an inch upon the material. These hair
clippings were predominantly blond, and as such did not belong to the victim,
whose own hair color had been dark brown.
Mindful of the fact the killer had evidently returned to
sites of his previous murders to move the bodies, possibly in a sexual ritual,
police theorized he may also attempt to return to this latest crime scene.
Although earlier attempts to enforce news blackouts as to the discovery of
Basom and Kalom had proven unsuccessful, on this occasion, police successfully
ordered a news blackout relating to the discovery of this latest victim.
Beineman's body was replaced with that of a tailor's mannequin, and the gully
surrounding this mannequin monitored by undercover officers.
At approximately 2 a.m. the following morning, in the midst
of a heavy, humid storm, one officer observed a young man running from the
gully; the heavy rain and insect irritation had prevented the officer from
observing the young man actually approaching the gully. Although this officer
attempted to radio this sighting to his colleagues, the rain had rendered his
radio inoperable.
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