Death
Bundy died in the Raiford electric chair at 7:16 a.m. EST on
January 24, 1989 at the age of 42-years of age.
Hundreds of revelers—from 20 off-duty police officers, by one
account—sang, danced and set off fireworks in a pasture across the street from
the prison as the execution was carried out, then cheered loudly as the white
hearse containing Bundy’s corpse departed the prison. Bundy’s body was cremated in Gainesville, and
his ashes scattered at an undisclosed location in the Cascade Range of
Washington State, in accordance with his will.
Modus Operandi and
Victim Profiles
Bundy was an unusually organized and calculating criminal ho
used his extensive knowledge of law enforcement to elude identification and
capture for years. his crime scenes were
distributed over large geographic areas; his victim count had risen to at least
20 before it became clear that numerous investigators in widely disparate
jurisdictions were hunting the same man.
His assault methods of choice were blunt trauma and strangulation, two
relatively silent techniques that could be accomplished with common household
items. He deliberately avoided firearms
due to the noise they made and the ballistic evidence they left behind. Bundy was a “meticulous researcher” who
explored his surroundings in minute detail, looking for safe sites to seize and
dispose of victims. He was unusually
skilled at minimizing physical evidence.
His fingerprints were never found at a crime scene, nor any other
incontrovertible evidence of his guilt, a fact he repeated often during the
years in which he attempted to maintain his innocence.
Other significant obstacles for law enforcement were Bundy’s
generic, essentially anonymous physical features, and curious chameleon-like ability
to change his appearance almost at will.
Early on, police complained of the futility of showing his photograph to
witnesses; he looked different in virtually every photo ever taken of him. In person, “Bundy’s expression would change
so his whole appearance that there were moments that you weren’t even sure you
were looking at the same person”, Stewart Hanson, Jr., the judge in the DaRonch
trial. “Bundy {was] really a
changeling.” Bundy was well aware of
this unusual quality and he exploited it, using subtle modifications of facial
hair or hairstyle to significantly alter his appearance as necessary. Bundy concealed his one distinctive
identifying mark, a dark mole on his neck, with turtleneck shirts and sweaters. Even his Volkswagen Beetle proved difficult
to pin down; its color was variously described by witnesses as metallic or
non-metallic, tan or bronze, light brown or dark brown.
Bundy’s modus operandi evolved in organization and
sophistication over time, as is typical of serial murderers, according to FBI
experts. Early on, it consisted of forcible late-night entry followed by a
violent attack with a blunt weapon on a sleeping victim. Some victims were sexually assaulted with
inert objects; all except Healy were left as they lay, unconscious or
dead. as his methodology evolved Bundy
became progressively more organized in his choice of victims and crime
scenes. Bundy would employ various ruses
designed to lure his victim to the vicinity of his vehicle where he had
pre-positioned a weapon, usually a crowbar.
In many cases he wore a plaster cast on one leg or a sling on one arm,
and sometimes hobbled on crutches, then requested assistance in carrying
something to his vehicle. Bundy was
regarded as handsome and charismatic by many victims, traits Bundy exploited to
gain their trust. “Ted lured females”,
Michaud wrote, “the way a lifeless silk flower can dupe a honey bee.” Once near or inside his vehicle the victim would
be overpowered, bludgeoned, and restrained with handcuffs. Most were sexually assaulted and strangled,
either at the primary crime scene or (more commonly) after transport to a
pre-selected secondary site, often a considerable distance away. In situations where his looks and charm were
not useful, he invoked authority by identifying himself as a police officer or
firefighter. Toward the end of his
spree, in Florida, perhaps under the stress of being a fugitive, he regressed
to indiscriminate attacks on sleeping victims.
At secondary sites he would remove and later burn the victim’s
clothing, or in at least one case (Cunningham’s) deposit them in a
Goodwill Industries collection bin. Bundy explained that the clothing removal was
ritualistic, but also a practical matter, as it minimized the chance of leaving
trace evidence at the crime scene that could implicate him. (A manufacturing error in fibers from his own
clothing, ironically, provided a crucial incriminating link to Kimberly
Leach.) Bundy often revisited his
secondary crime scenes to engage in acts of necrophilia, and to groom or dress
up the cadavers. Some victims were found
wearing articles of clothing they had never worn, or nail polish that family
members had never seen. He took Polaroid
photos of many of his victims. “When you
work hard to do something right,” he told Hagmaier, “you don’t want to forget
it.” Consumption of large quantities of
alcohol was an “essential component”, Bundy told Keppel, and later Michaud;
Bundy needed to be “extremely drunk” while on the prowl in order to “sedate”
the “dominant personality” that he feared might prevent his inner “entity” from
acting on his impulses.
Bundy’s victims were mostly white females from middle-class
backgrounds around the ages of 15-25, as well as college students. Bundy apparently never approached anyone he
might have never met before. (In their
last conversation before his execution, Bundy admitted to Kloepfer he had
purposely stayed away from her “when he felt the power of his sickness building
within him.”) Rule noted that most of
Bundy’s identified victims had long straight hair, parted in the middle—like
Stephanie Brooks, the woman who rejected him, and to whom he later became
engaged and then rejected in return.
Rule speculated that Bundy’s animosity toward his first girlfriend
triggered his protracted rampage and caused him to target victims who resembled
her. Bundy dismissed this
hypothesis: “[T]hey … just fit the
general criteria of being young and attractive”, Bundy told Hugh
Aynesworth. “Too many people have bought
this crap that all the girls were similar … [but] almost everything was
dissimilar … physically, they were almost all different.” Bundy did concede that youth and beauty were
“absolutely indispensable criteria” in his choice of victims.
After Bundy’s execution, Ann Rule was surprised and troubled
to hear from numerous “sensitive, intelligent, kind young women”, who wrote or
called to say they deeply depressed because Bundy was dead. Many corresponded with him, “each believing
that she was his only one”. Several said
they suffered nervous breakdowns when he died.
“Even in death, Ted damaged women,” Rule wrote. “To get well, they must realize that they
were conned by the master conman. They
are grieving for a shadow man that never existed.”
Pathology
Bundy underwent multiple psychiatric examinations; with
experts’ conclusions varied. Dorothy
Otnow Lewis, Professor of Psychiatry at the New York University School of
Medicine and an authority o violent behavior, initially made a diagnosis of bipolar
disorder, but changed the diagnosis on more than one occasion. She suggested the possibility of a multiple
personality disorder, based on behaviors described in interviews and court
testimony: a great-aunt witnessed an
episode during which Bundy “seemed to turn into another, unrecognizable person
… [she] suddenly, inexplicably found herself afraid of her favorite nephew as
they waited together at a dusk-darkened train station. Bundy had turned into a stranger.’ Lewis
recounted a prison official in Tallahassee describing a similar transformation: ‘He said, ‘He became weird on me.’ He did a metamorphosis, a body and facial
change, and he felt there was almost an odor emitting from him. He said, ‘Almost a complete change of
personality … that was the day I was afraid of him.’”
While experts found Bundy’s precise diagnosis elusive, the
majority of evidence pointed away from bipolar disorder or other psychoses, and
toward antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).
Bundy displayed many personality traits typically found in ASPD patients
(who are often identified as “sociopaths” or “psychopaths”), such as outward
charm and charisma with little true personality or genuine insight beneath the
façade, the ability to distinguish right from wrong, but with minimal effect on
behavior, and an absence of guilt or remorse.
“Guilt doesn’t solve anything, really”, Bundy said, in 1981. “It hurts you … I guess I am in the enviable
position of not having to deal with guilt.”
There was also evidence of narcissism, poor judgment, and manipulative
behavior. “Sociopaths”, prosecutor
George Dekle wrote, “are egotistical manipulators who think they can con
anybody.” “Sometimes he manipulates even
me”, admitted one psychiatrist. In the
end, Lewis agreed with the majority: “I
always tell my graduate students that if they can find me a real, true
psychopath, I’ll buy them dinner”, she told Nelson. “I never thought they existed … but I think
Ted may have been one, a true psychopath, without any remorse or empathy at
all.” Narcissistic personality disorder
(NPD) has been proposed as an alternative diagnosis in at least one subsequent
retrospective analysis.
The afternoon before he was executed, Bundy granted an
interview to James Dobson, a psychologist and founder of the Christian
evangelical organization Focus on the Family.
Dobson used the opportunity to make new claims about violence in the
media and the pornographic “roots” of his crimes. “It happened in stages, gradually”, Bundy said. “My experience with … pornography that deals
on a violent level with sexuality, is once you become addicted to it … I would
keep looking for more potent, more explicit, more graphic kinds of
material. Until you reach a point where
the pornography only goes so far … where you begin to wonder if maybe actually
doing it would give that which is beyond just reading it or looking at
it.” Violence in the media, Dobson said,
“particularly sexualized violence”, sent boys “down the road to being Ted
Bundy’s.” the FBI, Dobson suggested,
should stake out adult movie houses and follow patrons as they leave. “You are going to kill me,” Bundy said, “and
that will protect society from me. But
out there are many, many more people who are addicted to pornography, and you
are doing nothing about that.”
While Nelson was convinced that Bundy’s concern was genuine,
most biographers, researchers, and other observers concluded that his sudden
condemnation of pornography was one last manipulative attempt to shift blame by
catering to Dobson’s agenda as a longtime pornography critic. Bundy told Dobson that ‘true crime” detective
magazines had “corrupted” him and “fueled [his] fantasies … to the point of
becoming a serial killer”; yet in a 1977 letter to Ann Rule, Bundy wrote, “Who
in the world reads these publications? … I have never purchased such a magazine,
and [on only] two or three occasions have I ever picked one up.” Bundy told Michaud and Aynesworth in 1980,
and Hagmaier the night before he spoke to Dobson, that pornography played a
negligible in his development as a serial killer. “the problem wasn’t pornography”, wrote
Dekle. “The problem was Bundy.” “I wish I could believe that his motives were
altruistic”, wrote Rule. “But all I can
see in Dobson tape is another Ted Bundy manipulation of our minds. The effect of the tape is to place, once
again, the onus of his crimes, not on himself but on us.”
Rule and Aynesworth both note that for Bundy, the fault
always lays with someone or something else.
While he eventually confessed to 30 murders, he never accepted
responsibility for any of them, even when offered that opportunity prior to the
Chi Omega trial, which would have spared him the death penalty. He deflected blame onto a wide variety of
scapegoats, including his abusive grandfather, the absence of his biological
father, the concealment of his true parentage, alcohol, the media, the police
(whom he accused of planting evidence), society in general, violence on
television, and ultimately, true crime periodicals and pornography.
Bundy blamed television programming, which he
watched mostly on set that he had stolen, for “brainwashing” him into stealing
credit cards. On at least one occasion,
Bundy even tried to blame his victims:
“I have known people who … radiate vulnerability”, Bundy wrote in a 1977
letter to Kloepfer. “Their facial expressions
say ‘I am expecting to be hurt, do they subtly encourage it?”
A significant element of delusion permeated Bundy’s
thinking:
“Bundy was always
surprised when anyone noticed that one of his victims was missing, because he
imagined America to be a place where everyone is invisible except to
themselves. And he was always astounded
when people testified that they had seen him in incriminating places, because
Bundy did not believe people noticed each other.”
“I don’t know why everyone is out to get me”, Bundy
complained to Lewis. “He really and
truly did not have any sense of the enormity of what he had done,” Lewis
said. “A long-term serial killer erects
powerful barriers to his guilt,” Keppel wrote, “walls of denial that can
sometimes never breached.” Nelson
agreed. “Each time he was forced to make
an actual confession,” Nelson wrote, “he had to leap a steep barrier he had
built inside himself long ago.”
Victims
The night before his execution, Bundy confessed to 30
homicides, but the true total remains unknown.
Published estimates have run as high as 100 or more, and Bundy
occasionally made cryptic comments to encourage that speculation. He told Hugh Aynesworth in 1980 that for
every murder “publicized”, there “could be one that was not.” When FBI agents proposed a total tally of 36,
Bundy responded, “Add one digit to that, and you’ll have it.” Years later Bundy told attorney Polly Nelson
that the common estimate of 35 was accurate, but Robert Keppel wrote that
“[Ted] and I both knew [the total] was much higher.” “I don’t think even Bundy knew … how many he
killed, or why he killed them”, said Rev. Fred Lawrence, the Methodist
clergyman who administered Bundy’s last rites.
“That was my impression, my strong impression.”
On the evening before his execution Bundy reviewed his
victim tally with Bill Hagmaier on a state-by-state basis for a total of 30
homicides:
·
In Washington, 11 (including Parks, abducted in
Oregon but killed in Washington, and including 3 unidentified)
·
In Utah, 8 (3 unidentified)
·
In Colorado, 3
·
In Florida, 3
·
In Oregon, 2 (both unidentified)
·
In Idaho, 2 (1 unidentified)
·
In California, 1 (unidentified)
The following is a chronological summary of the 20
identified victims and five identified survivors:
1974
Washington/Oregon
·
January 4:
Karen Sparks (identified as Joni Lenz in Bundy literature) (age
18): Bludgeoned and sexually assaulted I
bed as she slept—survived.
·
February 1:
Lynda Ann Healy (21): Bludgeoned
while asleep and abducted; skull and mandible recovered at Taylor Mountain
site.
·
March 12:
Donna Gail Manson (19); Abducted
while walking to a concert at The Evergreen State College; body left (according
to Bundy0 at Taylor Mountain site, but never found.
·
April 17:
Susan Elaine Rancourt (18):
Disappeared after attending an evening advisors’ meeting at Central
Washington State College; skull and mandible recovered at Taylor Mountain site
in 1975
·
May 6:
Roberta Kathleen Parks (22):
Vanished from Oregon State University in Corvallis; skull and mandible
recovered at Taylor Mountain site in 1975
·
June 1:
Brenda Carol Ball (22):
Disappeared after leaving the Flame Tavern in Burien; skull and mandible
recovered at Taylor Mountain site in 1975
·
June 11:
Georgann (often misspelled “Georgeann”) Hawkins (18): Abducted from an alley behind her sorority
house, UW, skeletal remains identified by Bundy as those of Hawkins recovered
at Issaquah site
·
July 14:
Janice Ann Ott (23): Abducted
from Lake Sammamish State Park in broad daylight; skeletal remains recovered at
Issaquah site in 1975
·
July 14:
Denise Marie Naslund (19):
Abducted four hours after Ott from the same park; skeletal remains
recovered at Issaquah site in 1975
Utah/Colorado/Idaho
·
October 2:
Nancy Wilcox (16): Ambushed,
assaulted, and strangled in Holladay, Utah; body buried (according to Bundy)
near Capitol Reef National Park, 200 miles (320 km) south of Salt Lake City,
but never found
·
October 18:
Melissa Anne Smith (17): Vanished
from Midvale, Utah; body found nine days later in nearby mountainous area
·
October 31:
Laura Ann Aime (17): Disappeared
from Lehi, Utah; bludgeoned and raped; body discovered by hikers in American
Fork Canyon
·
November 8:
Carole DaRonch (18): Attempted
abduction in Murray, Utah; escaped from Bundy’s car and survived
·
November 8:
Debra Jean Kent (17): Vanished
after leaving a school play in Bountiful, Utah; body left (according to Bundy)
near Fairview, Utah, 100 miles (160 km) south of Bountiful; minimal skeletal
remains (one patella) found, were eventually in 2015 positively identified by
DNA as Kent’s
1975
Utah/Colorado/Idaho
·
January 12:
Caryn Eileen Campbell (23):
Disappeared from a hotel hallway in Snowmass, Colorado; body discovered
36 days later, on a dirt road near the hotel
·
March 15:
Julie Cunningham (26):
Disappeared on the way to a tavern in Vail, Colorado; body buried
(according to Bundy) near Rifle, 90 miles (140 km) west of Vail, but never
found
·
April 6:
Denise Lynn Oliverson (25):
Abducted while bicycling to her parents’ house in Grand Junction,
Colorado; body thrown (according to Bundy) into the Colorado River 5 miles (8.0
km) west of Grand Junction, but never found
·
May 6:
Lynette Dawn Culver (12):
Abducted from Alameda junior High School in Pocatello, Idaho; body
thrown (according to Bundy) into what authorities believe to be the Snake
River, but never found
·
June 28:
Susan Curtis (15): Disappeared
during a youth conference at Brigham Young University; body buried (according
to Bundy) near Price, Utah, 75 miles (121 km) southeast of Provo, but never found
1978
Florida
·
January 15:
Margaret Elizabeth Bowman (21):
Bludgeoned and then strangled as
she slept, Chi Omega sorority, FSU (no secondary crime scene)
·
January 15:
Lisa Levy (20); Bludgeoned,
strangled and sexually assaulted as she slept, Chi Omega sorority, FSU (no
secondary crime scene)
·
January 15:
Karen Chandler (21): Bludgeoned
as she slept, Chi Omega sorority, FSU; survived
·
January 15:
Kathy Kleiner (21): Bludgeoned as she slept, Chi Omega sorority, FSU;
survived
·
January 15:
Cheryl Thomas (21): Bludgeoned as
she slept, eight blocks from Chi Omega; Survived
·
February 9:
Kimberly Diane Leach (12):
Abducted from her junior high school in Lake City, Florida; skeletal
remains found near Suwannee River State Park, 43 miles (69 km) west of Lake
City
Other Possible Victims
Bundy remains a suspect in several unsolved homicides, and
is likely responsible for others that
may never be identified; in 1987 he confided to Keppel that there were “some
murders” that he would “never talk about”, because they were committed “too
close to home”, “too close to family”, or involved “victims who were very
young”.
·
Ann Marie Burr, aged 8, vanished from her Tacoma
home on August 31, 1961, when Bundy was 14.
The Burr house was on Bundy’s newspaper delivery route. The victim’s father was certain that he saw
Bundy in a ditch at a construction site on the nearby UPS campus the morning
his daughter disappeared. Other circumstantial
evidence implicates him as well, but detectives familiar with the case have
never agreed on the likelihood of his involvement. Bundy repeatedly denied culpability and wrote
a letter of denial to the Burr family in 1986, but Keppel has observed that
Burr fits all three of Bundy’s “no discussion” categories of “too close to
home”, “too close to family”, and “very young”.
Forensic testing of material evidence from the Burr crime scene, in
2011, yielded insufficient intact DNA sequences for comparison with Bundy’s.
·
Flight attendants Lisa E. Wick and Lonnie
Trumbull, both 20, were bludgeoned with
a piece of lumber as they slept in basement apartment in Seattle’s Queen
Anne Hill district on June 23, 1966 near the Safeway store where Bundy worked
at the time, and where the women regularly shopped. Trumbull died. In retrospect, Keppel noted many similarities
to the Chi Omega crime scene. Wick, who
suffered permanent memory loss as a result of the attack, later contacted Ann
Rule: “I know that it was Ted Bundy who
did that to us,” she wrote, “but I can’t tell you how I know.” In the absence of incriminating evidence,
Bundy’s involvement remains speculative.
·
Vacationing college friends Susan Davis and
Elizabeth Perry, both 19, were stabbed to death on May 30, 1969. Their cat was found that day abandoned beside
the Garden State Parkway outside Somers Point, New Jersey, near Atlantic City,
60 miles (97 km) south of Philadelphia, and their bodies—one nude, one fully
clothed—were found in nearby woods three days later. Bundy attended Temple University from January
through May 1969 and apparently did not move west until after Memorial Day
weekend. While Bundy’s accounts of his
earliest crimes varied considerably between interviews, he told forensic
psychologist Art Norman that his first murder victims were two women in the
Philadelphia area. Biographer Richard
Larsen believed Bundy committed the murders using his feigned-injury ruse,
based on an investigator’s interview with Julia, Bundy’s aunt: Ted, she said, was wearing a leg cast due to
an automobile accident on the weekend of the homicides, and therefore could not
have traveled from Philadelphia to the Jersey Shore, there is no official
record of any such accident. Bundy is
considered a “strong suspect”, but the case remains open.
·
Rita Curran, a 24-year-old elementary school
teacher and part-time motel maid, was murdered in her basement apartment on
July 19, 1971, in Burlington Vermont; she had been strangled, bludgeoned and
raped. He location of the motel where she
worked (adjacent to Bundy’s birthplace, the Elizabeth Lund Home for Unwed
Mothers) and similarities to known Bundy crime scenes led retired FBI agent
John Bassett to propose him as a suspect.
No evidence firmly places Bundy in Burlington on that date, but
municipal records note that a person name “Bundy” was bitten by a dog that
week, and long stretches of Bundy’s time—including the summer of 1971—remain
unaccounted for. Curran’s murder
officially remains unsolved.
·
Joyce LePage, 21, was last seen on July 22,
1971, on the campus of Washington State University, where she was
undergraduate. Nine months later, her
skeletal remains were found wrapped in carpeting and military blankets, bound with
rope, in a deep ravine south of Pullman, Washington. Multiple suspects—including Bundy—have “never
been cleared”, according to investigators.
Whitman County authorities have said that Bundy remains a suspect.
·
Rita Lorraine Jolly, 17, disappeared from West
Linn, Oregon, on June 29, 1973, Vicki Lynn Hollar, 24, disappeared from Eugene,
Oregon, on August 20, 1973. Oregon
detectives suspected that they Jolly and Hollar, but were unable to obtain
interview time with Bundy to confirm it.
Both women remain classified as missing.
·
Katherine Merry Devine, 14, was abducted on
November 24, 1973, and her body was found the next month in the Capitol State
Forest near Olympia, Washington. Brenda
Joy Baker, 14, was seen hitchhiking near Puyallup, Washington, on May 27, 1974;
her body was found in Millersylvania State Park a month later. Though Bundy was widely believed responsible
for both murders, he told Keppel that he had no knowledge of either case. DNA analysis led to the arrest and conviction of William E. Cosden for
Devine’s murder in 2002. The Baker
homicide remains unsolved.
·
Sandra Jean Weaver, 19, a Wisconsin native who
had been living in Tooele, Utah, was last seen in Salt Lake City on July 1,
1974; her nude body was discovered the following day near Grand Junction,
Colorado. Sources conflict on whether
Bundy mentioned Weaver’s name during the death row interviews. Her murder remains unsolved.
·
Melanie Suzanne “Suzy” Cooley, 18, disappeared
on April 15, 1975, after leaving Nederland High School in Nederland, Colorado,
50 miles (80 km) northwest of Denver.
Her bludgeoned and strangled corpse was discovered by road maintenance
workers two weeks later in Coal Creek Canyon, 20 miles (32 km) away. Gasoline station receipts place Bundy in
nearby Golden on the day Cooley disappeared.
Cooley is included in some compilations of Bundy victims, but Jefferson
County authorities say the evidence is inconclusive and continue to treat her
homicide as a cold case.
·
Shelly (or Shelley) Kay Robertson, 24, failed to
show up for work in Golden, Colorado, on july 1, 1975. Her nude, decomposed body was found in
August, 500 feet (150 m) inside a mine on Berthoud Pass near Winter Park Resort
by two mining students. Gas station
receipts place Bundy in the area at the time, but there is no direct evidence
of his involvement; the case remains open.
·
Nancy Perry Baird, 23, disappeared from the
service station where she worked in Layton, Utah, 25 miles (40 km) north of
Salt Lake City, on July 4, 1975, and remains classified as a missing
person. Bundy specifically denied
involvement in this case during the death rows interviews.
·
Debbie Smith, 17, was last seen in Salt Lake
City in early February 1976, shortly before the DaRonch trial began; her body
was found near the Salt Lake City International Airport on April 1, 1976. Though listed as Bundy victim by some
sources, her murder remains officially unsolved.
Minutes before his execution, Hagmaier queried Bundy about
unsolved homicides in New Jersey, Illinois, Vermont (the Curran case), Texas,
and Miami, Florida. Bundy provided
directions—later proven inaccurate—to Susan Curtis’ burial site in Utah, but
denied in any of the open cases.
In 2011, Bundy’s complete DNA profile, obtained from a vial
of his blood found in an evidence vault, was added to the FBI’s DNA database
for future reference in these and other unsolved murder cases.
Artifacts
·
Bundy’s 1968 Volkswagen Beetle was displayed in
the lobby of the National Museum of Crime and Punishment in Washington, D.C.
until its closure in 2015. It is
presently on exhibit at the Alcatraz East Crime Museum in Pigeon Forge,
Tennessee.
·
A ski mask, rope, flashlight, handcuffs, gloves,
and a nylon mask were all found inside Bundy’s 1968 Volkswagen Beetle’s glove
compartment.
·
Polaroid photographs of Bundy’s victims have
been found throughout the years.
In Media
Films
·
The Deliberate Stranger (1986), played by Mark
Harmon
·
Ted Bundy (2002), played by Michael Reilly Burke
·
The Stranger Beside Me (2003), played by Billy
Campbell
·
The Riverman (2004), played by Cary Elwes
·
Bundy: A
Legacy of Evil (2008), played by Corin Nemec
·
The Capture of the Green River Killer (2008),
played by James Marsters
·
Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile
(2019), played by Zac Efron
Books
·
Rule, Ann (1980) The Stranger Beside Me. W.W. Norton and Company Inc. iSBN
978-1-938402-78-4
·
Sullivan, Kevin M (2009) The Bundy Murders: A Comprehensive History. McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN
978—0-786444-26-7
·
Aynesworth, Hayes (2000) Ted Bundy Conversations
with a Killer. Authorlink Press. ISBN 978-1928704-17-1
·
Nelson, Polly (2019) Defending the Devil: My Story as Ted Bundy’s Last Lawyer. Echo Point Books & Media. ISBN 978-1635617-91-7
·
Carlisle, Al (1976) Violent Mind: The 1976 Psychological Assessment of Ted
Bundy (Development of the Violent Mind) Genius Book Publishing ISBN
978-0998297-37-8
·
Micaud, Stephen G. (2012) The Only Living
Witness: The True Story of Serial Sex
Killer Ted Bundy. Authorlink. ISBN
978-0998297-37-8
Television
·
Ted Bundy:
Devil in Disguise.
·
Ted Bundy:
An American Monster.
·
Ted Bundy:
What Happened.
·
Conversations with a Killer: The Ted Bundy Tapes (2019).
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