Brian Henry Reader (28 February 1939 – September 2023) was a British gangster, who has been described as "one of the busiest crooks in the British underworld", and a "ringleader" of the Hatton Garden safe deposit burglary in 2015.
Early life and career
Born in Cressingham Road, Lewisham, on 28 February 1939, to
Henry and Doris Reader, his father fought in World War II but had deserted his
family by 1955. Reader would later tell how his first experience in crime was
thieving-to-order from the South London docks, an occupation he learned from
Henry, who both worked and stole there. Reader first appeared in court in 1950
when he robbed five shops in East London, aged 11. Accused of "stealing tins of fruit by means of
store breaking", he received a criminal discharge. As a child, he had
a variety of local jobs such as butcher's boy, until he left school at 16 and
joined British Rail as a fireman. However, he was soon in court again, this
time charged with stealing £4 15s. 6d. from a beach hut in Brighton, for which
he was given another discharge.
Early career
In late 1958, Reader made his first appearance at the Old
Bailey, which the investigative journalists Tom Pettifor and Nick Sommerlad
have said "mark[ed] a serious escalation
in his offending". He received a relatively light sentence for several
offences of grievous bodily harm with intent. Perhaps because of this
escalation in his crimes, his mother arranged for him to enter National
Service. Posted with the Royal Engineers, he was based in West London, and this
allowed him to return home every night. Discharged from the army the following
year, his character was assessed as "good".
Around this time, Reader made the "conscious
decision" to earn a criminal living—notwithstanding his recent
purchase of a dump truck with which to enter the haulage industry—and was soon
fined for possession of an offensive weapon.
By the 1960s, Reader was working with what investigator Paul
Lashmar has called "a flexible group
of Britain's top robbers and burglars", responsible for the theft of
millions. The gang comprised men such as Tony Hollands, a safe-cracker, John
Woodley, an expert "alarm man",
and John Goodwin, an intelligence gatherer. Others included a lock picker and
journalist. Lashmar further described them as "the best group of burglars in the country. This was the London
team. The Old Bill knew about them, but they were pretty careful." By
now Reader had also established himself as a fence as well as a burglar. He
particularly specialized in selling on stolen jewelry through the less ethical
traders in Hatton Garden. Reader was busy enough planning; meeting and
surveying jobs that he complained to a compadre that he "never got a day off". Although the vast majority of
Reader's crimes at this time are today unknown, some, such as the Albemarle
Street post office—which gained Reader's gang £500,000—are known to have put
him near the top of a wide-ranging underground black market network.
Later career
In May 1971, Reader was almost killed planning a bank
robbery in Reading, Berkshire. Having broken into the local telephone
exchange—through which banks' burglar alarms to local police stations were
routed—he was interrupted by the local constabulary. Attempting to escape out
of a window, he slipped, fell, and landed on his head, recovering consciousness
under a police guard in hospital. Suffering minor brain damage, Reader had to
learn to walk again due to his sense of balance having been badly affected.
Later in the month, he was convicted of burglary with intent and fined £35 at
the Magistrates' Court.
Baker Street robbery
Having only left hospital a few weeks earlier, in September
1971, over two weekends, Reader took part in another robbery. The target was
another bank: this time, the Baker Street branch of Lloyds Bank. It was
Reader's biggest job yet, and for the first time he appears to have led the
gang himself. Reader brought in an old friend from his youth, Bobby Mills,
though, and this appears to have caused friction with established members of
the gang, some of whom thought Mills a liability with no area of expertise.
Ultimately Mills proved an embarrassment to Reader, as he refused to even enter
the bank—supposedly on doctor's orders—and so was made a look out instead. He
continued causing problems in this capacity also. Firstly he claimed that he
needed over eight hours sleep a night and later stated that, in any case, that
would be impossible on the roof "cos
it's freezing cold and everything up here now". The robbery involved tunneling
from two doors down and breaking into the bank vault from below. They
successfully emptied hundreds of safe deposit boxes and escaped with over £8
million. Given their "strikingly
similar" modi operandi—including tunneling—Lashmar has credited the
Baker Street robbery as acting as a blueprint for the Hatton Garden heist over
40 years later. Reader, he says, "was
key to both". Reader later claimed to have found several pedophiliac
photos in one of the boxes, which he believed to have been owned by an unnamed
but prominent Conservative Party Member of Parliament and cabinet member. He
left the photos scattered around the floor to ensure they could not be missed
by the police. Pettifor and Sommerlad argue that "not for the last time, Reader and his cronies were causing the
Met acute embarrassment". Only three members of the gang were ever
brought to book for the robbery. Reader escaped to Spain with his wife and two
children, although not before discovering that one member had conned him and
the rest of the gang out of £150,000. It has been speculated that corrupt
police officers enabled Reader's escape abroad, and this probably included
Detective Inspector Alec Eist, who was "by
reputation the most corrupt Yard officer of the 1950s to mid-1970s which was no
small achievement in such a packed field".
In 1974 Reader was offered the chance to take part in the
robbery of the Bank of America in Mayfair, which he turned down due to his not
trusting other gang members. It is likely, although unproven, that Reader
bribed police officers when he had to, as the practice was extensive in the
1970s. Reader managed to stay out of jail until 1980, mostly avoiding arrest
fleeing abroad whenever he suspected the police were close to him.
By the mid-1980s, now living in Grove Park, Reader fenced
some gold with Kenneth Noye, which brought them both around £200,000. The
following year, Reader was tried for complicity in several robberies with John
Godwin, which netted them £1.3 million, but the trial collapsed after
allegations of jury tampering. At the later "jury-nobbling
trial", as it was dubbed in the media, one witness told how she was
visited by two men offered £500, and asked to influence a fellow juror. One of
these men was Godwin, and the other "was
called Brian and that she had never seen him again". A contemporary "supergrass", Michael
Gervaise, also stated that police had asked him to implicate Reader in his statements.
Although a retrial was ordered, Reader and his wife Lyn went to Spain. This was
to become a familiar technique of Reader's and one he employed whenever he felt
the police closing in on him; by escaping abroad at short notice, he was able
to keep his criminal record relatively clean. The year after leaving for Spain,
Reader surreptitiously returned to England due to a family illness. However his
return did not go unnoticed and he was re-arrested.
However, in 1980 he was named in a supergrass trial,
arrested and bailed for £40,000. On the day he was due to appear in court he
escaped by telling the clerk "I'm
off to park my car", and promptly disappeared back to Spain via Dover
and France. Reader returned in 1983 by way of an associate's private yacht to
Jersey and on to Britain where he took part in the turning over of another Lloyd's
Bank, at Holborn Circus.
Brink's-Mat and death
of DC Fordham
In November 1983, the Brink's-Mat robbery occurred at the
Heathrow International Trading Estate. It was one of the largest robberies in
British history, with approximately £26 million worth of gold bullion, diamonds,
and cash being stolen. Reader was subsequently convicted of handling stolen
goods and money laundering. He was jailed for eight years and was also convicted
of fraudulently conspiring to evade VAT. He received a further year in prison
after it was discovered he had dishonestly handled another £66,000.
Although they had taken no part in the robbery itself, they
were involved in what has been called its "bloody
aftermath" as the robbers attempted to fence the gold. Author Wensley
Clarkson has suggested that Noye and Reader had, by now "taught themselves everything there was to know about gold".
They renewed their acquaintance playing squash at Brenda Noye's club in
Dartford, and here they set the price of the gold and established sale terms.
While the terms were not particularly profitable to Reader as a fence, "it was clear a VAT fraud was being
carried out" to go towards making up for it. Reader regularly stayed
around gangster Kenneth Noye's house, and was later described by Justice Lowry
as Noye's "vigorous right-hand
man"; they had grown up close to one and other in Southeast London.
Suspicion had coalesced on Noye over Brink's-Mat, and he was under constant
police surveillance, as was his house in West Kingsdown, Kent.
By early January 1985, Reader had personally processed £3.66
million of Brink's-Mat gold. On the night of Saturday, 26 January 1985, around
6.30 PM, Reader was with Noye and his wife. Chief superintendent Brian Boyce,
responsible for the gold hunt, later said it was Reader's arrival—as a "known fugitive from justice"—at
Noye's house that forced him to launch a covert search of Noye's grounds that
night. Boyce was already uncertain as to the precise number of transactions
that Reader had carried out, as in many cases, he had received parcels in
return. This confused the case against Reader to some degree.
Fordham and a colleague thus entered the property by way of
a convenient tree. When the Noyes' two dogs began barking, Reader accompanied
Noye into the garden on the night Metropolitan Police Constable John Fordham
was stabbed 12 times to death in Noye's garden. Fordham was part of the
investigation into the Brinks-Mat robbery and was carrying out close-quarters
surveillance on Noye, possibly looking for signs of bullion in Noye's grounds.
By the time Fordham was on the ground, and Noye ran back to the house, his wife
had collected a shotgun from the cabinet and was loading it as she came downstairs.
Reader took the gun from her.
Reader's role was as a go-between between Noye and John
Palmer who was smelting and moving the gold bullion. Reader travelled between
Noye's house and Bristol Airport—where transport abroad awaited it—approximately
30 times in 1984. Reader possessed multiple vehicles in which to make the
journey. Aware that he was being kept under police surveillance, Reader
regularly drew his tails on a wild-goose chase; he also went on dummy runs,
swapped cars en route, and performed U-turns to throw off potential followers.
He and other conspirators met in a variety of locations, including Bexleyheath
pub car parks, the Royal National Hotel in Bloomsbury, Farringdon cafes, and a
fish and chip shop in Swindon.
Noye and Reader were tried for Fordham's murder, but both
claimed it to have been self-defense. Further, it was "pitch black" and snowing. Fordham was unarmed and
dressed in "SAS-style"
camouflage, Gore-Tex suit and balaclava. Following the confusion when the
police turned up, Reader had had it away on his toes, sneaking through private
gardens and fields until he reached The Gamecock pub on the A20 where he was
arrested at 7.40 PM trying to hitchhike to London. Clarkson comments that "for a man who had just witnessed a
killing connected to a notorious gold bullion robbery, he chose an
extraordinary way to make good his escape—to hitch a lift". Reader
accepted a lift which turned out to be two undercover detectives in an unmarked
car. He tried to pretend that he had been drinking in the pub and had just
left. However he was arrested for assaulting a police officer, to which he replied,
"You must be joking!" He
was taken to Swanley police station, where he expressed concern for Lyn, who by
now was diabetic and due a pancreatic operation the following Monday. The
police had found a quantity of money when they raided his house, and as a
result, his wife had also been arrested and was being held at Gravesend. Under
questioning, he refused to cooperate without his solicitor being present,
although he also stated that "I know
a police officer has been murdered, and I was told I was responsible",
and although he reiterated that he knew nothing of the circumstances, he
appears to have expressed sorrow for the dead man. He was charged early on the
evening of 29 January.
Exercising his right against self-incrimination, Reader
refused to give evidence at his trial, for which he received legal aid.
Although, with Noye, he was found not guilty of Fordham's murder, he remained
in custody over Brink's-Mat bullion. Tried again in May that year, this time he
was jailed over a confession he had made while on police bail that he had indeed
handled some of the gold. At his sentencing, where Reader received eight years,
his son Brian—known as Paul—was arrested for contempt of court for shouting
that his father had been "fucking
stitched up", with a scuffle ensuing. Paul appeared later the same day
alongside his father and Noye at their sentencing for his own for contempt of
court. Reader shouted at the jury, "You
have made one terrible mistake. You have got to live with that for the rest of
your life." Five months after the killing, Reader was accused by
Fordham's colleague on the night of kicking Fordham "as he was lying on the ground", although he did not see
where the kick had landed.
Brian Reader and Noye maintained business links, and after
Noye was released in 1994, Reader joined him in a timeshare scheme in Northern
Cyprus. Reader's brother Colin had already invested in it and was employed
full-time in the scheme. Reader's association with Noye meant that, come his final
job, he was the only member of the gang to have underworld contacts. Among
these were included Clerkenwell crime syndicate founder Tommy Adams, whom
Reader had been spotted in Hatton Garden with, in 1985 discussing the fencing
of the Brink's-Mat ingots. Reader was also close associates with Terry Perkins,
with whom he worked on the last job; they had been inside together and shared
work.
Hatton Garden
Following his wife's death, Reader moved to Dartford and ran
a second-hand car dealership with his son. Although by now Reader had been in
effective retirement from his criminal career, he was still in touch with old
colleagues. He and Perkins had been discussing the heist for around a year by
the time they felt sufficiently confident to bring in others. Hatton Garden had
long been on Reader's mental list of potential targets.
At 76, Reader was the oldest of the conspirators, who later
became known as the "Diamond
Wheezers" on account of their ages. He made numerous trips to Hatton
Garden in the weeks before the robbery, and is known to have brought the
as-yet-undiscovered, mononymous "Basil"
into the gang. On 2 April 2015, traveling on "somebody else's" Freedom Pass, he took a 96 bus to
Dartford, where he caught a train to Waterloo East. Reader arrived around 18:30
hours. Each gang member made their way separately to 88–90 Hatton Garden. They
managed to drill through the thick concrete foundations but had to stop work
when they found their passage blocked by cabinets bolted to the other side of
the wall. By the end of the night—the burglary took place over a bank holiday
weekend—relations between several members of the gang and Reader were at
breaking point, with serious consideration being given to evicting Reader from
the scheme that night. In the event he pulled out of the job, and did not turn
up on the night of the 3rd. Further problems arose when it became clear that
Reader intended to collect his agreed cut regardless of the degree to which he
had participated.
By the time of his arrest for the Hatton Garden robbery, he
was said to have earned "millions"
from his trade and "had a reputation
as one of the country's most audacious burglars". He was arrested on
19 May 2015, with a diamond grader and the scarf he had worn on the night both
being found in his house. He had failed to dispose of his mobile phone;
although it is uncertain whether this was his or his son Paul's. As a result,
Paul was also arrested, and not freed until November. Police also found a book
detailing the life and career of a diamond trader and industry magazines. In
March of the following year, he pleaded guilty to a charge of conspiracy at
Woolwich Crown Court. He was sentenced to six years and three months in prison.
He was unable to attend the gang's sentencing hearing following a stroke; his
counsel suggested that Reader may have had a life expectancy of only a few
months by this time. The journalist Paul Moreton has described Reader as being "now deaf, half blind and at death's
door, according to his lawyer". In 2018, under the Proceeds of Crime
Act 2002, he and three Hatton Garden associates were ordered to pay back £27.5
million between them. Sentenced by video link in March 2016, Reader served it
in Belmarsh Prison, where on one occasion he collapsed and was left without
care for two days by authorities, The Independent newspaper reported. While
undergoing treatment at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich, Reader was
guarded by a nine-man-strong squad of police officers, six of whom were armed.
He was released in March 2019.
Marriage, personality
and death
He was a thief forty
years ago. They never took any chances, had it all their own way? Like all them
thieves then. All that fucking business, all his partners, and all that, they
weren't worth a wank. He's done nothing, the cunt, you would think he would
shut up, Tel. ~Daniel Jones, one of
Reader's heist colleagues, reflecting critically on his and Reader's
relationship to Levi, c. 2017.
Reader met his future wife, Lyn Kidd, in 1963; Campbell
describes her as "a smart and witty
character". She was a bookmaker's assistant and four years younger
than him. Pettifor and Somerlad argue that while she was impressed by his smart
suits and ready money, it ” [took] her a
little while to discover that his earnings did not come from the car dealership
he claimed to run". They remained married until her death in 2009. For
her part, suggest Pettifor and Sommerlad, "Lyn
played the role of the master criminal's wife to perfection—always loyal and
discreet". Lyn later told Campbell of her repeated encounters with the
press. On one occasion, she complained that she had been reported as saying "I'll wait for you darling!"
on one of Reader's convictions; she told Campbell that Reader would most
probably have "jumped out of the
dock and punched me on the nose" had she said anything of the sort.
Another time she turned down a tabloid's offer of £1,000 just for a photograph
of him drinking champagne.
Describing Reader as a young man, a relative said he was "a dodgy geezer, a good talker who knew
lots of people and was always doing deals". However, he avoided the
nightclubs and the highlife often of the underworld. The author Jonathan Levi
has described Reader as having "short
white hair, full lips [and] still tough looking though also increasingly
physically frail" in his later years. Duncan Campbell called him "an easy-going character, the
antithesis of the criminal wide boy ... he loves skiing and sailing".
Levi says that Reader, who was known as "The Master", "Diamond geezer" and "The Guv'nor", possesses
natural leadership qualities "with a
commanding presence and decisive attitude". At the peak of his career,
Reader was "one of southeast
London's "most notorious burglars". Journalist Paul Peachey has
suggested that "the septuagenarian reveled
in his reputation as a feared and dangerous armed robber". A police
officer who encountered Reader said he was "a
good, old-style villain [who] had a job to do and knew I did too".
Levi states Reader to be both methodical and, when required, menacing, although
he suggests that colleagues have occasionally accused Reader of walking off a
job in a huff. A member of the 1971 Baker Street gang cited Reader's bringing
in of Mills as an example of Reader's poor judge of character. Perkins also
later expressed "particular
ire" for Reader, arguing that while "he was a proper thief 40 years ago", by now he was an "old ponce" who spent his time
"talking about all our yesterdays.
He bottled it at the last minute. He's supposed to be a full-on face."
This—combined with Reader's perceived high-handedness and possible incompetence—resulted
in tensions developing between Reader and several other members of the gang, to
such a degree that they contributed to the unraveling of their plans. Reader
also suffered multiple strokes and had recently recovered from prostate cancer.
Following his release, he retired to southeast London under
the name McCarthy. In April 2024, a London radio station, LBC, reported that
Reader had died in September the previous year, at the age of 84, the result of
cancer. LBC stated that "Reader's family
is thought to have tried to keep his death a secret". However, the
station also claimed that his death certificate—originally obtained by The Sun,
and which described Reader as a retired gardener—established the factuality of
the September date. The Telegraph declared that Reader had made over £200
million in his career, while it was reported by The Times that he had returned
only 6% of his Hatton Garden profits at his death.
Portrayals
Three films and a miniseries have portrayed Reader in the
context of the Hatton Garden heist. Levi has argued that the main attraction to
journalists and writers of Reader's gang is their generally elderly age and the
"old school" nature of the
job. As such, Reader has been portrayed several times in film and television.
In 2016's Hatton Garden: The Heist, directed by Terry Lee Coker, he was played
by Sidney Livingstone. Two years later, he was played by—in Levi's view a "slightly miscast"—Larry Lamb
in Ronnie Thompson's The Hatton Garden Job, and in James Marsh's ensemble the
same year—King of Thieves—Michael Caine played Reader as a "rheumy-eyed ... lifelong crook first done for nicking tinned peaches
60 years previously". Caine had expressed earlier enthusiasm, saying
he would "do it in an instant".
2019 saw Reader played by Kenneth Cranham in ITV's four part TV series, Hatton
Garden ("a perfect foil to Timothy
Spall's Perkins and the way they wind each other up is believable"). In
May the same year he was portrayed by James Nelson-Joyce in The Gold, a British
TV series about the Brinks Mat investigation.
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