The Bloody Benders were a family of serial killers living in Labette County, Kansas from 1871 to 1873. The family consisted of John Bender; his wife, Elvira Bender; a son, John, Jr.; and daughter, Kate. Bender mythology claims that John Jr. and Kate were brother and sister, but contemporary newspapers state that neighbors say they might be married, possibly a common law marriage.
There is no actual number, but reports estimate the Benders may have killed at least a dozen travelers before being discovered and fleeing with their fates uncertain. Folklore and legends surround the Bender family making it hard to separate what is fact or fiction?
Background
After the American Civil War, the U.S. government moved the Osage Indians from Labette County, Kansas to new Indian Territory located in what would become Oklahoma. The new vacant land was made available to homesteaders in October 1870, and five families of spiritualists settled in and around the township of Osage in western Labette County, about 7 miles (11 km) northeast of where Cherryvale would be established seven months later. One of the families was John Bender, Sr. and John Bender, Jr., registering 160 acres (65 ha) of land adjacent to the Great Osage Trail, the only open road for traveling further west during that time. After a cabin, barn with corral, and well were built, in the fall of 1871, Elvira and daughter Kate arrived, and the cabin was divided into two rooms by a canvas wagon-cover. The Benders used the smaller room for living quarters, and the front room was converted into a “general store” where dry goods were sold. The front section contained a kitchen and dining table, enabling travelers stopped for meal or a place to sleep for the night. Elvira and Kate Bender planted a 2-acre (0.81 ha) vegetable garden and apple orchard north of the cabin.
Bender Family
John Bender, Sr. was about sixty years old and spoke very little English. When he did speak it, it was so guttural, it was mostly unintelligible. His wife, Elvira Bender, also spoke very little English, was 55 years of age and often viewed as unfriendly, neighbors often called her a “she-devil”. John Bender, Jr., about 25 years old, was a handsome man with auburn hair and mustache, spoke English fluently with a German accent. Prone to laughing aimlessly, he was views as a “half-wit”. Kate Bender, about 23, was cultivated and attractive and spoke English well with very little accent. A self-proclaimed healer and psychic, she distributed flyers advertising her supernatural powers and ability to cure illness. She conducted séances and gave lectures on spiritualism, gaining notoriety for advocating free love. Kate’s popularity made the Bender’s inn a huge attraction. While the elder Benders kept to themselves, Kate and her brother attended Sunday school in nearby Harmony Grove.
The Benders were believed to be German immigrants, but only the male Benders were born overseas, and they were not actually a family. There is no documentation or proof of their relationships to one another, or where they were born, has been found. John Bender, Sr. is thought to be from Germany or the Netherlands and born as John Flickinger. Contemporary newspapers report that Elvira was born Almira Hill Mark (often pronounced “Meik”) in the Adirondack Mountains; she married a Simon Mark, with whom she is supposed to have had 12 children. Later, she married William Stephen Griffith, and suspected of murdering several husbands, none were proven so. Kate, believed to be Elvira’s fifth daughter, born Sarah Eliza Mark, she later married and became known as Sarah Eliza Davis. From an inscription in a Bible in the Bender home, John Jr. was born as John Gebhardt, despite no proof as to his identity exists. Neighbors claim that John Jr. and Kate were not brother and sister, but husband and wife.
In May 1871, the body of a man named Jones, was discovered with his skull crushed and throat cut in Drum Creek. The owner of Drum Creek was suspected, but no action was taken. In February 1872, the bodies of two men were found with similar injuries as Jones. By 1873, reports of several people passing through the area were common travelers started avoiding the trail. Widely known for “horse thieves and villains”, and vigilance committees often “arrested” some for the disappearances, only to be released by authorities. Several honest men under suspicion for these disappearances were run out of the county by these committees.
Downfall
In the winter of 1872, George Newton Longcor and his infant daughter, Mary Ann, left Independence, Kansas, to resettle in Iowa and were never seen again. in the spring of 1873, Longcor’s former neighbor, Dr. William Henry York, went looking for them, questioning homesteaders along the trail. Dr. York reached Fort Scott, and on March 9 began the return journey to Independence but never arrived home. Dr. York had two brothers: Colonel Ed York living in Fort Scott, and Alexander M. York, a member of the Kansas State Senate from Independence who, in November 1872, was instrumental in exposing U.S. Senator Samuel C. Pomeroy’s bribery of state legislators in his bid for re-election. Both knew of Wiliam’s travel plans and , after failing to return home, a search began for the missing doctor. Colonel York, leading with fifty men, questioned every traveler along the trail and visited all the area homesteads.
On March 28, 1873, Colonel York arrived at the Benders’ Inn with Mr. Johnson, explaining to them that his brother had gone missing and asked them if they had seen him. Admitting that Dr. York had stayed with them, the Benders suggested that the Dr. had run into trouble with Indians. Agreeing with the Benders that it was possible, Colonel York stayed for dinner. On April 3, Colonel York returned to the Inn with armed men after learning that a woman fled the Inn after being threatened with knives by Elvira Bender. Elvira supposedly could not understand English, while the younger Benders denied the claim. When York repeated the claim, Elvira became angry, claiming the woman was a witch who cursed her coffee, and ordered the men to leave her house, revealing that “her sense of the English language” was better than was let known. Before York left, Kate asked him to return alone the following Friday night, saying she would use her clairvoyant abilities to help find his brother. The men with York were convinced the Benders and a neighboring family, the Roaches, were guilty and wanted them all hanged, buy York insisted that evidence must be found first.
Around the same time, neighboring communities began making accusations that the Osage community was responsible for the disappearances, and a meeting was held by the Osage township in the Harmony Grove schoolhouse. The meeting was attended by seventy-five locals, including Colonel York and both John Bender, Sr. and John Bender, Jr.. After discussing the disappearances, including that of William York, it was agreed that a search warrant would be obtained to search every homestead between Big Hill Creek and Drum Creek. Despite York’s strong suspicions regarding the Bender’s since his visit several weeks earlier, no one watched them, and did not notice for several days that they had fled.
Three days after the township meeting, Billy Tole was driving cattle past the Bender property when he noticed that the inn was abandoned and the farm animals were unfed. Tole reported the fact to a towhship trustee, but due to inclement weather, several days lapsed before the abandonment could be investigated. The township trustee called for volunteers where several hundred showed up including Colonel York. When the party arrived at the inn they found the cabin empty of food, clothing, and personal possessions. A bad odor was noticed and traced to a trap door underneath a bed, nailed shut. When the trap was opened, an empty room about 6 feet (1.8 m) deep and 7 feet (2.1 m) square at the top by 3 feet (0.9 m) square at the bottom, was found to have clotted blood o the floor. A stone slab was broken up with sledgehammers but no bodies were found, and it was determined that the smell was the blood that had soaked into the soil. The men physically lifted the cabin and moved it to the side so they could dig under it, but no bodies were found. Probing the ground around the cabin with a metal rod, and the disturbed soil of the vegetable garden and orchard, Dr. York’s body was found later that evening, buried face down with his feet barely below the surface. The probing continued until midnight, with another nine suspected grave sites marked before the men were satisfied they had found them all and retiring for the night. Digging resumed the next morning with another eight bodies found in seven of the nine suspected graves, while one was found in the well, along with a number of body parts. All but one had their heads bashed with a hammer and their throats cut, and reported in newspapers that all were “indecently mutilated”. The body of a young girl was found with no injuries sufficient to cause death, speculating she had been strangled or buried alive.
A Kansas newspaper reported the crowd was so incensed by the bodies that a friend of the Benders name Brockman, who was among the onlookers, was hung from a beam in the in until unconscious, revived and interrogated with what he knew, then hanged again. After being hanged a third time, they released him, leaving him to stagger home “as one who was drunken or deranged”. A Roman Catholic prayer book was found in the house with notes inside written in German, and later translated into the following texts: “Johannah Bender. Born July 30, 1848,” “John Gebhardt came to America on July 1, 18??,” “big slaughter day, Jan eighth”, and “hell departed.”
After word of the murders spread quickly, more than three thousand people, including reporters from as far away as New York City and Chicago, visited the site. The Bender cabin was destroyed by souvenir hunters who took everything, including the bricks that lined the cellar and the stones lining the well.
State Senator Alexander York offered a $1,000 ($20,914 as of 2019) reard for the Bender family’s arrest. On May 17, Kansas Governor Thomas A. Osborn offered a $2,000 ($41,828 as of 2019) reward for the apprehension of all four.
Killing Method
Supposedly when a guest would stay at the Benders’ bed and breakfast inn, the hosts would give the guest a seat of honor at the table which was positioned over a trap door leading into the cellar. With the victim’s back to the curtain, Kate would distract the guest, while john Bender or his son would come from behind the curtain and strike the guest on the right side of the skull with a hammer. The victim’s throat was cut by one of the women to make sure the guest was dead. The body was dropped through the trap door, and once in the cellar, the body would be stripped and buried somewhere on the property, often in the orchard. While some of the victims were quite wealthy, some were carrying little value on them and they surmised the Benders killed them for the thrill.
Testimony from people who stayed at the Benders’ inn before managing to escape before being killed, supported the presumed execution method of the Benders. William Pickering said that he refused to sit near the wagon cloth because of the stains on it, claiming he was threatened with a knife by Kate Bender, before he fled the premises. A Catholic priest claimed to see one of the Bender men concealing a large hammer, and becoming uncomfortable, quickly departed. Two men traveling to the inn to experience Kate Bender’s psychic powers stayed on for dinner but refused to sit at the table next to the cloth, preferring to eat their dinner at the main shop counter, claiming Kate became abusive toward them, and shortly, the two Bender men emerged from behind the cloth. Feeling uneasy, the customers decided to leave, a move that saved their lives.
More than a dozen bullet holes were found in the roof and sides of the cabin. This was speculated that some victims attempted to fight back after being struck with the hammer.
Escape
Detectives followed wagon tracks and discovered the Benders’ wagon, abandoned with a starving team of horses with one of the mares lame, just outside city limits of Thayer, 12 mi (19 km) north of the inn. They confirmed that in Thayer the family bought tickets on the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galvenston Railroad for Humboldt. At Chanute, John Jr. and Kate left the train and caught the MK&T train south to the terminus in Red River County near Denison, Texas. From there they traveled to an outlaw colony thought to be in the border region between Texas and New Mexico. They were not pursued, as lawmen following outlaws into this region often never returned. One detective claimed later that he had traced the pair to the border, where he found John Jr. died of apoplexy. Ma and Pa Bender did not leave the train at Humboldt but instead continued north to Kansas City, where it is believed they bought tickets for St. Louis, Missouri.
Several groups of vigilantes formed to search for the Benders. Many stories say one vigilante group actually caught the Benders and shot a of them but Kate, whom they burned alive. Another group claimed they had caught the Benders and lynched them before throwing their bodies into the Verdigris River. Yet another claimed to have killed the Benders during a gunfight ad buried their bodies on the prairie. No one ever claimed the $3,000 reward ($62,742 as of 2019).
The story of the Benders’ escape spread and the search continued for another fifty years. Often, two women traveling together were accused of being Kate Bender and her mother.
In 1884, it was reported that John Flickinger committed suicide in Lake Michigan. Also in 1884, an elderly man fitting Pa Bender’s description was arrested in Montana for a murder committed near Salmon, Idaho, where the victim had been killed by a hammer blow to the head. A message requesting positive identification was sent to Cherryvale, but the suspect severed his foot to escape his leg irons and bled to death. by the time a deputy from Cherryvale arrived, identification was impossible due to decomposition. Despite lack of identification, the man’s skull was displayed as that of “Pa Bender” in a Salmon saloon until prohibition forced its closure in 1920 and the skull disappeared. Whether John Flickinger was really John Bender is unknown.
Arrests
Several weeks after the discovery of the bodies, Addison Roach and his son-in-law, William Buxton, were arrested as accessories. In total twelve men “of bad repute in general” would be arrested, including Brockman. All had been involved in disposing of the victims’ stolen goods with Mit Cherry, a member of the vigilance committee, implicated for forging a letter from one of the victims, informing the man’s wife that he had arrived safely at his destination in Illinois. Brockman would be arrested again twenty-three years later for the rape and murder of his own 18-year-old daughter.
On October 31, 1889, it was reported that a Mrs. Amira Monroe (aka Mrs. Almira Griffith) and Mrs. Sarah Eliza Davis had been arrested in Niles, Michigan (often misreported as Detroit) several weeks earlier for larceny. They were released after being found not guilty but were then immediately re-arrested for the Bender murders. According to the Pittsburgh Dispatch, the daughter of one of the Benders’ victims, Mrs. Frances E. McCann, had reported the pair to authorities in early October after tracking them down. Mrs. McCann’s story came from dreams of that she had about her father’s murder, which she discussed with Sara Eliza. The women’s identities were alter confirmed by two Osage township witnesses from a tintype photograph. In mid-October, Deputy Sheriff LeRoy Dic, the Osage Township trustee who had headed the search of the Bender property, arrived in Michigan and arrested the couple on October 30, following their release on the larceny charges. Mrs. Monroe resisted, declaring that she would not be taken alive, but was subdued by local deputies.
Mrs. Davis claimed that Mrs. Monroe was Ma Bender but that she herself was not Kate, but her sister Sara; she later signed an affidavit to the effect, while Monroe continued to deny the identification and in turn accused Sarah Eliza of being the real Kate Bender. Deputy Sheriff Dick, along with Mrs. McCann, escorted the pair to Oswego, Kansas, where seven members of a 13-member panel confirmed the identification and committed them for trial. Another of Mrs. Monroe’s daughters, Mary Gardei, later provided an affidavit claiming that her mother (then Almira Shearer), under the name of Almira Marks, was actually serving two years in the Detroit House of Corrections in 1872 for the manslaughter of her daughter-in-law, Emily Mark. Records of incarceration back up the affidavit. At her hearing, Mrs. Monroe denied any knowledge of Sharer or the manslaughter charge and remained incarcerated with her daughter. Originally scheduled for February 1890, the trial was held over to May. Mrs. Monroe now admitted she had married a Mr. Shearer in 1872 and claimed she had previously denied it as she did not want the court to know that her name was Shearer at that time and that she had a conviction for manslaughter. Their attorney also produced a marriage certificate indicating that Mrs. Davis had been married in Michigan in 1872, the time when several of the murders were committed. Eyewitness testimony was given that Mrs. Monroe was given that Mrs. Monroe was Ma Bender. Judge Calvin dismissed Mary Gardei’s affidavit as she was a “chip off the old block”; he found that other affidavits supporting Gardei’s were sufficient proof that the women could never be convicted, however, and he discharged them both. The affidavits and other papers are missing from the file in LaBette County, so further examination is impossible. A number of researchers question the ready acceptance of the affidavit’s authenticity and suggest that the county was unwilling to accept the expense of boarding the two women for an extended period. While the two women were certainly criminals and liars, as their own defense attorney admitted, the charges were weak, and many people doubted their identification as the Benders.
Victims
1. May 1871: Mr. Jones. Body found in Drum Creek with a crushed skull and throat cut.
2-3. Winter 1871/1872: Two unidentified men found on the prairie in February 1872 with crushed skulls and throats cut.
4. 1872: Ben Brown. From Howard County, Kansas. $2,600 (2019: $54,276) missing. Buried in the apple orchard.
5. 1872: W. F. McCrotty. Co D 123rd III Infantry. $38 (2019: $795) and a wagon with a team of horses missing.
6. December 1872: Henry McKenzie. Relocating to Independence from Hamilton, County, Indiana. $36 (2019: $753) and a matched team of horses missing.
7. December 1872: Johnny Boyle. From Howard County, Kansas. $10 (2019: $209), a pacing mare, and an $850 (2019: $17,777) saddle missing. Found in the Benders’ well.
8-9. December 1872: George Newton Longcor and his 18-month-old daughter, Mary Ann. Contemporary newspapers reported his name as either “George W. Longcor” or “George Loncher”, while Mary Ann is similarly reported as being either 8 years old or 18 months old. According to the 1870 census, George and his wife, Mary Jane, were neighbors of Charles Ingalls and family in Independence, while his wife’s parents lived two houses away. Following the deaths of his infant son, Robert, from pneumonia in May 1871 and his 21-year-old wife, Mary Jane (nee Gilmore), following the birth of Mary Ann several months later, George was likely returning to the home of his parents, Anthony and Mary (Hughes) Longcor, in Lee County, Iowa. In preparation for his return to Iowa, George had purchased a team of horses from his neighbor Dr. William Henry Yor, who later went looking for George and was also murdered; both were veterans of the Civil War. $1,900 (2019: $39.736) missing. The daughter was thought to have been buried alive, but this was not proven. No injuries were found on her body, and she was fully clothed, including mittens and hood. Both were buried in the apple orchard.
10. May 1873: Dr. William York. $2,000 (2019: $41,828) missing. Buried in the apple orchard.
11. ?: John Greary. Buried in the apple orchard.
12. ?: Unidentified male. Buried in the apple orchard.
13. ?: Unidentified female. Buried in the apple orchard.
14-16. ?: Various body parts. The parts did not belong to any of the other victims found and re believed to belong to at least three additional victims.
17-20. 1873: During the search, the bodies of four unidentified males were found in Drum Creek and the surrounds. All four had crushed skulls and throats cut. One might have been Jack Bogart, whose horse was purchased from a friend of the Benders after he went missing in 1872.
Including the recovered body parts not matched to the bodies found, the finds are speculated to represent the remains of more than 20 victims. With the exception of McKenzie and York, who were buried in Independence; the Longcors, who were buried in Montgomery County; and McCrotty, who was buried in Parsons, Kansas, none of the other bodies were claimed, and they were reburied at the base of a small hill 1 mile (1.6 km) southeast of the Benders’ orchard, one of several at the location now known as “The Benders Mounds”. The search of the cabin resulted in the recovery of three hammers: a shoe hammer, a claw hammer, and a sledgehammer that appeared to match indentations in some of the skulls. These hammers were given to the Bender Museum in 1967 by the son of LeRoy Dick, the Osage Township trustee who headed the search of the Bender property. The hammers were displayed at the Bender Museum in Cherryvale, Kansas from 1967 to 1978, when the site was acquired for a fire station. When attempts were made to relocate the museum it became a point of controversy, some locals objecting to the town being known for the Bender murders. The Bender artifacts were eventually given to the Cherryvale Museum, where they remain in a wall-mounted display case. A knife with a four-inch tapered blade was reportedly found hidden in a mantel clock in the Bender house by Colonel York. In 1923 it was donated to the Kansas Museum of History by York’s wife but is not on display; still bearing reddish-brown stains on the blade, it can be seen upon request.
A historical marker describing the Benders’ crimes is located in the rest area at the junction of U.S. Route 400 and U.S. Route 169 north of Cherryvale.
Connection to Little House on the Prairie
The Ingalls family, made famous in the books and television series Little House on the Prairie, lived near Independence, and Laura Ingalls Wilder mentioned the Bender family in her writing and speeches. In 1937 she gave a speech at a book fair, which was later transcribed and printed in the September 1978 Saturday Evening Post and in the 1988 book A Little House Sampler. She mentioned stopping at the inn, as well as recounting the rumors of the murders spreading through their community. She alleged that her father, “Pa Ingalls”, joined in a vigilante hunt for the killers, and when he spoke of later searches for them she recalled, “At such times Pa always said in a strange tone of finality, They will never be found.’ They were never found and later I formed my own conclusions why.” Some have cast doubt on the story saying that Laura would have been only 4 when her family moved away from the area, and that the Benders were exposed in 1873, two years after the Ingallses left.
Appearances in Media
Anthony Boucher’s 1943 short story “They Bite” is set at a western oasis where “Carkers” once used to kill and eat travelers; the hypothesis is floated that they were the Benders (who, in this telling, ate their victims) after leaving Kansas. There are still man-eating somethings at the oasis, and the hypothesis is that the Benders linked up with some sort of supernatural power in the desert and became nearly immortal.
Episode 4 of the 1954 television series Stories of the Century, titled “Kate Bender”, focused on only the son and daughter.
Candle of the Wicked (1960), by Manly Wade Wellman, novelizes the events leading up to the discovery of the Bender killings.
The Big Valley, Season 3, Episode 6, “Ladykiller” (1967) loosely depicts the story of the Bloody Benders, as “an innkeeper’s pretty daughter is the bait used to rob and kill visitors”. The inn is separated by a canvas curtain, from behind which the “Bleeck” family kills visitors (seated in a chair of honor) with a hammer. The father is guest star Royal Dano. The daughter is played by Marlyn Mason.
The Western novel The Hell Benders (1999) by Ken Hodgson focuses on the manhunt for the Benders after the discovery of their crimes.
In Neil Gaiman’s novel American Gods, the main character Shadow and his associates Mr. Nancy and Chernobog visit a clearing near Cherryvale, Kansas. Mr. Nancy tells Shadow that a group of people (the Benders) used to make human sacrifices to Chernobog in the clearing. Chernobog, a Russian deity, drew sustenance and power from the murders because the Benders used his chosen instrument, a hammer.
The novel Cottonwood (2004), by Scott Phillips, features Kate Bender in a supporting role; the second half of the book takes pace during the tria of two alleged surviving members of the Bender family.
Season 1, Episode 15 (2006) of the TV series Supernatural, titled “The Benders”, alludes to the historical Benders in a number of ways; set in contemporary Hibbing, Minnesota, it features a family of thrill-killers named Pa, Missy, Lee, and Jared Bender, whose downfall ultimately comes from a sheriff looking for her missing brother.
In Lyle Brandt’s novel Massacre Trail (2009), the Benders are responsible for several homestead killings and are brought down by Marshal Jack Slade.
In Season 1, Episode 3 (2013) of the Hulu comedy series Quick Draw, the main character, Sheriff John Henry Hoyle, and his deputy, Eli, are trapped and held hostage by the Benders (John Sr, Elvira, and Kate) while investigating a murder.
Season 2, Episode 2 (2014) of the ID documentary series Evil Kin concerns the Benders; historians, authors, and the director of the Cherryvale Historical Museum are interviewed.
The eighth episode of The Librarians, titled “And the Heart of Darkness”, portrays the Benders as serial murderers who escaped justice by hiding in the magical House of Refuge. Katie (Lea Zawada), portrayed as a teenage rather than a young adult, eventually banished her own family and took possession of the house, using it to remain immortal as she tricked and murdered anyone seeking refuge. She was eventually defeated by the Librarians during a mission in Slovakia and turned into dust by the house’s caretaker spirit, who had come to recognize her as an evil influence.
The novel Hell’s Half-Acre by Nicholas Nicastro (2015) retells the murder spree and imagines the origins of the characters, especially Katie Bender.
The “Hitchcock’s Birds, Hope Diamond, Phineas Gang” episode of Travel Channel’s show Mysteries at the Museum discusses the story of the Benders. Travel Channel lists the episode as Season 3, Episode 11 onscreen through Hulu, but it is listed as Season 2, Episode 19 on the Travel Channel website, and Season 3, Episode 9 on IMDB.
The Bender Family is mentioned in episode 94 of the podcast My Favorite Murder. Karen Kilgariff discusses the case and theories about the Benders.
In his Bloodlands short story collection, Harold Schechter covered the Bender family in Little Slaughterhouse on the Prairie.
The video game Red Dead Redemption 2 (2018) features the characters Bray and Tammy Aberdeen, ho are an allusion to John Jr. and Kate Bender.
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